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E.DITE-D AND COMPILE-D BY 

MAK.R DF.NIVITT 



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^viAY. 17 1901 




I5he Pan-American 
Expositiorv 

And How to See It 



By MARK BENNITT 

Superintendent of the Press 
Department of the Patn- 
Anierica-n Exposition 






11 

i 






THE LIBRARY O 
CONGRESS, 

Two CopfES RECErvED 

MAY. 17 1901 

Copyright entry 

CLASS^A.. XXa N», 

COPY 8. 



With Ol Condensed 
Gviide to Buffalo 
and Niagara Falls 



S^. 



^ 



Electric Tower (from plaster model) 



I by tliL- Pan-American Exposition Co. 




_ Tile Birdseye I'leiu of tin 
includatljf fios/j)icU«-.sq,i«»sgc 
systetjf o^eaurts »f e«i:jpte5aj beajity. 



half a mile wide, 



mile and a quarter long, or about 350 acres. The grounds are in the northern part of the city and 
ibellished with water features, groves and gardens, and the principal buildings are arranged about a 
Exposition at night makes a scene long to be remembered. 



1 AM GOING TO ASSUME, in beginning This little book, that you are entirely unacquainted with the Pan- 
American Exposition — that you expect me to tell the whole story, and to be quick about it, too. 
"Pan-American' ' is a word in the Standard Dictionary, and means "all-American. ' ' So, when a num- 
ber of Buffalo gentlemen at the Atlanta Exposition said to one another : " Why not an Exposition at 
Buffalo for all the Americas and the Americas only ? ' ' they chose " Pan-American ' ' for the name. The 
idea grew like Jack's beanstalk, till it reached a height and an importance beyond all expectation. The business 
men of Buffalo, young and sinewy with enterprise, joined hands as a band of brothers and took up the mighty 
task. Several hundred of them broke bread together at a formal banquet one night to decide whether the project 
should live or die. Before they parted company they had subscribed more than half a million dollars, and before 
the week was out the million mark had been passed. Hundreds of thousands more were added ; the State of 
New York pledged ^300,000 and the Congress of the United States appropriated ^500,000. Nearly 12,000 
citizens became subscribers to the Exposition stock, and the railroad and other corporations 
isisted liberally. Bonds to the amount of $2,500,000 were issued, and were taken by 
banks and other conservative investors. The business management of the great enter- 
prise, which represents a total expenditure of about $10,000,000, was entrusted to a 
board of 25 directors chosen by vote of the stockholders from the most substantial and 
progressive business men of Buffalo. The directors in turn sought the assistance of the 
man best qualified for the onerous responsibility of Director-General and found him in the 
person of the Hon. William I. Buchanan, at that time United States Minister to the 
Argentine Republic. With the business organization thus perfected the development of 
the Exposition went forward with a rush. Ground was first broken on September 26, 
1899, so that the vast work of construction was accomplished within a year and a half. 

"Magnificent it shall be," said tiney. 
"Let's build the most beautiful group of Exposition buildings the world ever saw," said one of 
the directors to the others, one day. "Let's use Niagara power to give the scene a day light brilli- 
ancy at night," said another. " Let's make the grounds a fairyland of flowers," proposed a third. " And 




Hon. William I. Buchanan, Dii 



gtfjfll!l'^1 








add the glow of rich and brilliant color decorations to the build- 
ings," chimed in a fourth. " And embellish the architecture with 
beautiful sculptures, ' ' suggested still another. ' ' Let us have beauti- 
ful pools and dancing fountains, and water gardens, and sodded 
plots and mossy banks ; let's omit nothing that will make the set 
picture one that shall enrapture every beholder and make all the 
world praise Buffalo for the good she shall have done for art and 
science, and the advancement of civilization, and, more than all, 
for giving her guests the most novel and beautiful and royal 
entertainment it has ever been their pleasure to have." Upon 
such lines the Exposition in its architectural and decorative 
features has been worked out till here you have it complete, to 
speak for itself in a language you shall not forget, to be forever 
an inspiration to all who shall behold. 
Ihe great purpose in the minds of those who have been identified with the Exposition has ever been to 
show, in the most pleasing and forcible way, the great ])rogress of the peoples of the Western Hemisphere 
during the century just closed, and to bring them into a more intimate social and commercial relationship. 
How well this has been done may now be seen. 

Through a Tree-Embowered Way. 

The Exposition has many entrances, but while I may name them all, I shall 
show you but one. Be not too eager — as some men go through life — looking for 
something always far away and forgetting the loveliness within arm's reach I 
know you have already caught glimpses of stately towers and majestic domes, but 
be patient. Let's be formal, and enter the Exposition by its front door, the 
beautiful southern gateway on Lincoln Parkway. 

Tall maples and elms almost intertwine their branches above us and the leaves 



HUMAN INTELLECT. 
By Paul W. Bartlett. 





whisper to one another in the delightful summer atmosphere. The shrubbery is 
gay with blossoms, yielding a two-fold pleasure of color and perfume. AVe aie 
within the charming precincts of Delaware Park. Here at the right is the lake, 
three-quarters of a mile long. We might have taken a tiny motor boat at the 
water gate, corner of Delaware and Forest Avenues, and approached the Exposition 
by the water route. On the left as we go is the Albright Gallery of Art, costing 
1400,000, and at first intended for Exposition uses, but unseen conditions at the 
marble quarries compelled delay, and a fire-proof building was constructed upon 
another site for the fine arts exhibit. We cross the three-arch bridge of massive 
masonry, called the Bridge of the Three Americas, built by the city of Buffalo in 
order that the Approach to the Exposition should lack nothing to complete the 
harmony and stateliness of the whole. 



A Temple of History. 

The North Bay is at the left and upon the farther bank i-, a 
noble edifice of Vermont marble, the New York State Builduig 
It is a permanent structure, costing 1175,000. The State offic lais 
and the people of the State will use it for reception purposes and 
as a rendezvous during the Exposition. When these festivities aie 
ended it will become the abiding place of the Buffalo Histoucal 
Society's precious collection of relics which tell of years and of 
l)eople that are no more, of men whose deeds live after them and 
whose memories the world is proud to cherish. Take a glanc e 
backward and you will see a pretty stone building on the south 
bank of the lake — the new casino and boat house for Exposition 
uses, and for permanent convenience, as well. This, also, was 
built from city ftinds, and is further evidence of the cooperation 
and help given by the city officials to the Exposition. 






Marine Tragedies and Comedies. 

Our Uncle Sam has established one of his life-saving stations, with 
full equipment for exhibition purposes, on the shore of the lake, a few 
rods east of the bridge. Ten brave men give daily demonstrations of 
the efficiency and usefulness of the life-saving service of the Government. 
Life saving has become a science by the development of years. It is as 
much a trade as any other, so many are the implements and appliances 
which require special knowledge and training for those who would use 
them skillfully and effectively. Here you can buy a reserved seat for a 
marine tragedy or comedy, as the actors may will it, and be entertained 
in a manner that is novel, and impossible elsewhere. 

A Daring New England Yankee. 

Captain Joshua Slocum would grieve if we passed him by, for he 
is a part of the Exposition as well worth seeing as any other. He is __ 

the New England Yankee who sailed round the world alone, navigating - "^- 

48,000 miles on all the seas, going where the wind blew him, battling with hurricane and simoon, and riding out many a 
storm upon many a trackless waste of the bending ocean. Here he is with the self-same sloop that bore him thus around the 
globe, the staunch single-masted " Spray," steady as an island when the demon of the storm threatened to make shreds of sails 
and dig a watery grave for the gallant captain, who was also the crew. The captain made ports where none were ever made 
before, and picked up numberless curios which constituted the cargo of the "Spray" when he once more hove to in Boston 
harbor. This curio collection, as well as his vessel, he has brought with him to the Exposition, and it will be to the profit of 
j' I every \ isitoi to shake hands with the gallant captain, a man of stout heart and steady nerve, a 

veteran of the salt seas, and a man of mighty soul and character. 




I knew it 



A Miracle! a Dream! a Revelation! 

You never expected it ! Much as you may have read about the 





Exposition you had no conception of its real glory. How valueless are words to describe 
color, form, contrasts, grouping, dignity ! Seeing, only, is believing. I cannot hold you 
back nor divert you now. You will not mind the smaller buildings devoted to States 
and special purposes. We shall come back to those. We pass up the Approach between 
stately columns. The magnificent pylons of the Triumphal Bridge, surmounted by colos- 
sal mounted standard-bearers, forty odd feet high, the Exposition masterpieces of Karl 
Bitter, rise before us. All about the bases of the pylons and upon their broad sides are 
rich sculptures, the whole emblematic of the triumph of America over tyranny and 
despotism. 

Grottoes such as Nature Makes. 

Beneath the bridge are the loveliest of grottoes, possessing the many wonders of 
subterranean formation, a hint of the strange workings of nature in the dark caverns and 
recesses of the earth. These may be reached only by boat from the Grand Canal. 

A Few Exclamations Now, Please. 
You will understand now why I brought you into the Exposition trom the south and 
by way of the Triumphal Bridge. By entering from the north, from the railway station, 
you are plunged at once, without prepaia 
tion, into the midst of the Exposition 
From the south it unfolds like a flower 
The eye here revels amid scenes of unpie 
cedented splendor. Never a festival so 
gay as this, never an Exposition so nchl) 
endowed with all the elements of 
beauty. Every vista a charming one ' 
and every object winning the atten- 
A thousand feet to the ricrht is the 





T r i \i m p h a. 1 Bridge 



Karl Bitter, Director of Sculpture. 




THE TRIUMPHAL 
BRIDGE 

ushers the visitor into the 
midst of the Exposition. 
The bridge is a stately 
structure, swung from 
four monumental piers, 
ICO feet in height. 
Each pier is surmounted 
by a sculptural group— a 
muscular youth on the 
back of a horse 30 feet in 
height, which rears above 
a mass of trophies indica- 
tive of feudalism, slavery 
and subordination to tyranni- 
cal power." the whole express- 
ing the triumphal struggle of the 
people of the United States to free 
themselves from the institutions of 
despotic ages and governments. These 
groups were modeled by Karl Bitter, the Director of Sculpture, 
who with the assistance of the most famous American sculptors 
has designed over two hundred pieces of original decorative 
statuary— more than has been used at any previous Exposition. 
The piers of tlie bridge were designed by John M. Carrere, Chair- 
man of the Board 01 Architects. Terminating the buttresses to the 
piers are four groups of tropiiies, typifying Peace and Power, 
modeled by Mr. Augustus Lukeman. The cables connecting the 
piers, and running north and south, carry enormous festoons, 
shields of polished copper, flags and coats of arms of tlie various 
Pan-American countries. In the niches on the side of the bridge 
are statues symbolical of Charity, Love of Truth, Patriotism, Lib- 
erty, etc. On each side of the bridge are fountains composed of 
groups of rearing horses and figures clustered about a tall pole, from 
which a huge silken flag floats. The fountain on the east typifies the 
Atlantic Ocean, and ihat on the west the Pacific, with one base 
uniting the two. The sculpture in connection with these is by 
Philip Martiny. The water from these fountains gushes forth from 
the side of the bridge in a massive waterfall into the Mirror Lake, 
passing through the subterranean grotto, which constitutes one of 
the unusual features of the Exposition. This grotto has been 
modeled after the famous Buttes de Cliaumont, at Paris, by Mr. 
Rudolf Ulrich, the landscape architect. 



great building of the United States Government flanked on either side by colon- 
nades and pavilions for special exhibits. A thousand feet to the left is the 
Horticulture Building, the great central struc- 
ture of another magnificent group, including 
the Mines and Graphic Arts Buildings. To 
the northward, 2,000 feet, the Electric Tower 
rises with inspiring majesty. 

This Open Space is tine Esplanade. 

The immediate foreground from where 
we stand is the Esplanade, nearly 2,000 feet 
from east to west and 500 feet across. The 
two long curved columinated structures at the 
right and left on the southern side of the Es- 
planade are called pergolas, with the accent 
on the "per." These are places for dainty 
luncheons and quiet observation. The de- 
signer, surely, must have had in mind the sultry 
days at other< Expositions, for these buildings 
almost complete the shaded circuit, so that the 
visitor may go nearly the entire round of the 
Exposition without exposure to the midsum- 
mer sun. The Esplanade, with its band 
stands and abundant space, is the place of 
open air concerts and for formal ceremonies 
in connection with the Exposition. Sunken 
gardens, fragrant and beautiful with flowers 



■ "GODDESS OF LIGHT. 
Crowning figure on the Elect 
Tower. By Herbert Adams. 




Across North Bay 

and fountains, and set with graceful sculptures, adorn either -arm of the Esplanade. 
In the eastern part are the Fountains of Man, of Prometheus and of Lycurgus. In 
the western part are the Fountains of Nature, of Ceres and of Kronos. 

We Come to the Court of Fountains. 

Let us cross the Esplanade to the Court of Fountains, the central court of the 
Exposition. It is 500 feet wide and about 1,000 feet from north to south. At the 
corners of this court and the Esplanade stand the beautiful domed buildings — the 
Temple of Music on the left and the Ethnology Building on the right. On the east 
side, also, are the Manufactures and Lib- 
eral Arts, and the Agriculture Buildings. 
On the west side, the Machinery and Trans- 
portation, and Electricity Buildings. The general style of architecture is that of 
the Spanish Renaissance, rich in plastic ornamentation, and the beauty heightened 
with brilliant and harmonious colors. Even the color scheme represents the ad- 
vancement of knowledge, the growth of civilization, and the development of our 
finer sensibilities and appreciation of art. From the strong and garish colors such 
as delighted tiie aborigines — the war paints of the wild races — the eye may trace the 
change to the finer and softer tints, culminating in the Electric Tower. The 
pleasing possibilities of color decoration for exterior walls never before had such 
masterful demonstration as Charles Y. Turner has here given. 




A Play of Color Everywhere. 

To produce the exquisite color effects of the Exposition, Mr. Turner pro- 
cured from the architects small sketches of all build- 
ings, from which models were made on the scale of , heroic music 

° ' A gi-oiip over one of tlie four en- 

one-sixteenth of an inch to the foot. These were trances to the Music Xcmpie, by 

Isidore Konti, sliowing tlie blind bard 

^with the lyre, and over him a winged 

female figure carrying the laurel 
branch, tlie whole expressing the con- 
ventional idea of heroic music. 



grouped upon a platform 12 by 16 feet, according to the plan 
prepared by John M. Carrere, to whom was entrusted the 
arrangement of the ground plan of the Exposition. Each 
model was colored according to the general scheme and its 
relationship to surrounding buildings was studied. Even 
the color of the sky, the grass and flowers, the pools 
and fountains, was taken into consideration. Many 
of the models were painted several times before 
the proper color note was hit upon to complete 
the harmony. When the perfection that had 
been sought had been secured, drawings to 
the last detail were made, to be placed in the 
hands of the intelligent painter- decorator. 
The color scheme follows the plan of the 
sculptural embellishment conceived by Mr. 
Bitter and executed under his direction. As 
the sculpture symbolizes the progress of the 
race, the color scheme represents in epitome 
the growth of the color sense. From the warm 
rich colors in the southern part of the group, the 
scheme leads up to the refined tints which culminate 
in the Electric Tower. The color as applied to the 
principal buildings may be noted as follows : Horti- 
culture — orange with details in brilliant blue, green, rose 
and yellow. Government — yellow, with details in primitive 
colors. Temple of Music — red. Machinery — greenish 
gray. Restaurant group — ivory, accented with green and 




Charles Y 
Director ( 



gold. Electric Tower — ivory, yellow, gold and green. The 

roofs are generally of red tile, though prominent towers and 

pinnacles are in many cases decorated with green, blue green 

or gold. All buildings have a play of color about their 

entrances, balconies, pinnacles and towers. " My idea," 

says Mr. Turner, "is to have the sharpest and freshest 

green known carried throughout the entire scheme, 

and that will be my reference to power. ' ' 

An Enchanting Water Scene. 

The central feature of the Court of Fountains 
is the great pool, with its numberless dancing 
spurts and cascades of crystal fluid, its statu- 
ary and richly fashioned balustrades and 
plastic ornaments, its sculptured groups and 
surroundings of blossoming parterres. The 
central pool and its fountains at night receive a 
special illumination. This illumination is 
accomplished by means of floating lights, which 
look like stars upon a bit of inverted sky. The 
entire court is brilliantly lighted. Not only are 
the buildings all aglow with incandescent bulbs, but 

Turner, *^ *-• ' 

f Color. richly modeled posts are everywhere, carrying from 

25 to 100 lights. There are 2,800 of these posts throughout the 
grounds ; they line the banks and balconies of the Grand Canal 
and Mirror Lakes, they border the gardens and pathways, and their 
clusters of bulbs impart a diffused light, resembling that of day. 



A Tall Beauty is the Tower. 

John Galen Howard fashioned the 
model for the Electric Tower and a 
thousand men built it. It is 400 feet 
high, and the winged Goddess of Light 
who has momentarily stepped her 
right foot upon its pinnacle is as 
comely a lass as ever soared so high. 
The main body of the Tower is 80 
feet square and the columinated wings 
at its base are no feet high. The 
elaborate plastic detail, the ornamenta- 
tion of sculpture, the veil-like cascade 
bursting from the wide niche in its 
southern face, combine with the grace- 
ful proportions of the Tower to give 
it place as one of the noblest of man's 
creations. It stands in a broad pool 
and numerous water features enliven 
the scene. The Tower is provided 
with elevators, which carry visitors to 

floors at various heights. At an elevation of no feet are a restaurant and roof 
garden, from which one may obtain commanding views of the Court of Fount- 
ains to the southward and the Plaza at the north. 



Places of Music and Mirth. 

Let's leave the Tower for a little while, for we shall want to 





THE TEMPLE OF MUSIC 
at the northwest corner of the Court of Fountains and Esplanade, 
is a center of interest for music lovers. The temple is very beauti- 
ful in its exterior aspect and contains an auditorium seating 2,200 
people. Emmons Howard has installed a great pipe organ at a 
cost of Si5,ooo, and this is the place for orchestra, vocal and organ 
concerts and recitals during the Exposition. It is also a meetmg 
hall for other purposes. The building is from designs by 
Esenwein & Johnson, of Buffalo. The decorative groups of 
sculpture are by Isidore Konti. 




TEMPLE y^ILMC 
■AN -AMERICAN EXPOS! Tt ON'^i, 




return often to its vicinity. This is the Plaza, next north of the Tower. In its very center 
is a large pagoda of ideal beauty and proportions. It stands in the center of a sunken 
garden surrounded by a balcony and other pagodas, and the place is ornamented with sculp- 
tures. Here the most famous bands of the Western World are playing their choicest selec- 

tions to delighted multitudes. Upon the northern 

boundary of the Plaza are two towered monumental 
entrances leading to the Exposition from the great rail- 
way station. They are connected by a curved colon- 
nade, 400 feet long, decorated with brilliant colors 
and statuary, and forming a screen, shutting out the 
smoke and noise of trains. The structure is known as 
the Propylsa. The Plaza is always gay, for upon its 
eastern side is the entrance to the Stadium, the place 
of athletic events, pageants and formal ceremonies, 
and upon the western side is the entrance to the Mid- 
way, with its M'onderful variety of unique enter- 
tainments. 

When the Dinner Bell Rings. 

Frederic W. Taylor has been mindful of the ma- 
terial needs of Exposition visitors, and, upon his suggestion as Director of Concessions, several 
different forms of restaurant features have been provided, intended to satisfy every 
want and every purse. Two of the largest restaurants are those in the two 
entrance buildings of the Stadium and Midway. The buildings themselves 
are gems of architectural beauty and decorative effort. They are companions in size, form and color, each ^ <i\^ 

having two graceful towers at either end, tall and exquisite in modeled detail. An arcaded arrangement of \ 
the ground floor permits the multitude to pass freely to and fro, and broad staircases in the towers lead up to 



PAN WITH AMOR. 
Tliis is a reproduction of an antique sculpture and 
stands in the eastern end of the Propylsa. In 
Greek mythology, Pan was a woodland spirit, and 
god of hills and woods, flocks and herds. He is 
represented as horned and goat-footed, playing on 
his pipes. The prefix " pan " is from the Greek 
word " pas," signifying "all," and has no apparent 
connection with the god Pan. 



the spacious dining rooms, where hundreds may find attractive accommodations for leisurely feasting. Other restaurants are in 
the Model Dairy Building, east of the Agriculture Building, and in two special Restaurant Buildings, one of them east of the 
Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, just across the Grand Canal, the other upon the South Midway, west of the Horticulture 
Building. The Mirror Lake pergolas also have restaurant arrangements, and there is a large restaurant building upon the Midway 
next west of the Johns- 
town Flood. 

The major restaur- 
ant concession is control- 
led by the Bailey Cater- 
ing Company, under the 
personal management of 
Fred J. Bailey. It is 
calculated that 6,000 
people may dine at one 
time. In a large head- 
quarters building at the 
north end of the grounds, 
with railroad shipping 
facilities, the company 
has a refrigerating plant, 
steam laundry, ice-cream 
factory, steam bakery, a 
large restaurant for em- 
ployees of the Exposi- 
tion, and extensive store- 
house accommodations. 
About 1000 persons are 





Architecture about the Plaza ; 
Restaurant Building, entrance 
to Midway, on the right. 




employed in the restaurant ser^'ice of this company, besides those employed in the smaller Midway 
restaurants and fruit stands. 

A Lesson in Navigation. 
I hope we have been thoughtful enough to rest before this. The Exposition has provided seats for 
20,000 pilgrims, such as you and me, and we must show our appreciation at least. I have in mind now a 
trip to the State and Foreign Buildings, south and east of the Mirror Lake. There are three ways of getting 
there without much walking. We may take the Miniature Railway from near the big railway station and 
transfer across the 
Mall at the east gate 
to the other line, 
paying two fares ; 
we may take a wheel 
chair : or we may go 
via the Grand Canal, 



[ of the Machinery and Transportation Building. 






TORCH BEARER. 

entitled "Torch Bsarer," 
both by Philip Martiny. 
for niches in the Electric 
Tower. Both are female 
figures. One holds in her 
right hand a torch and in 
her left a coil. The other 
holds in her left hand a 
torch and in her right a 
magnet. The figures 
express the idea of light 
and electricity. 



in a gondola or electric launch. AVe will choose water this time and get aboard the craft 

in the basin at the base of the great Electric Tower. We glide under the beautiful 

arched bridges, with their brilliant illuminations of electricity, skirt the Agriculture 

Building on two sides, pass the Dairy Building, and go thence under the Mall, following 

along the east side of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. The Li^•e Stock Exhibit Buildings are on 

our left. ^Ye now turn east again and go around the ea.stern side of the United States Government 

Buildings to another turn in the Canal, where we may step ashore. 




Some Tame Indians in Wild Attire. 

A century of contact with civilization has tamed the Indian and he now joins 
the white man here to produce an exhibit of genuine interest. Near at hand is the 
stockade built by the Indians of the Six Nations, from material brought by them 
from their reservations in Western New York. The exhibit is that of the pagan 
Indians, showing the manners, customs, domestic utensils and weapons used by 
their ancestors 500 years ago. 

The Forestry Building stands a few rods west of the Indian Stockade, and a 
little farther beyond is a group of prehistoric Indian mounds. One of these is a 
full size burial mound, showing the manner of construction. The others are 
miniature reproductions of the famous serpent and eagle mounds. 



Ghost Dancers. 



Other Interesting Buildings. 

The building devoted to the Maccabees is just north of the mound. To the south is the Ecuador Building, and beyond that 
the group of Ordnance Buildings, with a great gun in a Gruson turret mounted between. Going still further south we come to 
the Fine Arts Building, a large, fire-proof structure, filled with paintings and sculpture of American production. Retracing our 
steps, and following along the broad roadway west of the Ordnance group, we find, a little way to the northward, the New England 
Building. Other buildings near by are those of Chile, Santo Domingo, Cuba, Honduras, Michigan, Minnesota, Illinois, 
Wisconsin, Ohio and others. The Ancient Order of United Workmen have a headquarters building pleasantly situated. 
Crossing the lagoon, west of the Ohio Building, and noting the water gardens as we go, we traverse the Forecourt and come to the 
rose gardens. A large space is devoted to the exhibits of roses, hydrangeas, and many thousands of outdoor plants and shrubs of 
every name. The Women's Building is in the midst of this floral loveliness. The New York State Building, which I have 
already mentioned, resembling a Greek temple in solid marble, stands upon the bank of the North Bay. In the very center of 
the bay an electric fountain has been constructed, which constitutes one of the most beautiful spectacles each evening at the 
Exposition. If we continue northward we come to an exhibit building devoted to certain features of 
the Graphic Arts display. This is on the east side of the South Midway, west of the Horticulture 
Building. A few rods beyond it is a large restaurant where we shall find rest and refreshment. 




THE MIDWAY: 
Esquimau Village, 
National Glass Factory, 
Trip to the Moon, 
Thompson's Aeriocycl-^, 
Captive Balloon, 
Old Plantation, 
Beautiful Orient, 
Miniature World's Fair, 
Around the World, 
Cleopatra, 

Colorado Gold Mine, 
Living Pictures, 
Dreamland, 
Moving Pictures, 
War Cyclorama, 
Philippine Village, 
Alt Nuremburg, 
Panopticon, 
Streets of Mexico, 
Darkness and Dawn, 
Darkest Africa, 
Burning Mountain, 
House Upside Down, 
Wild Water Sports, 
Gipsy Camp, 
Golden Chariots, 
Johnstown Flood, 
Bazar Building, 
Infant Incubators, 
Scenic Railway, 
Fair Japan, 
Venice in America, 
Bostock's Wild Animals, 
Spectatorium — Jerusalem, 
Indian Congress, 
Dawson City, 
Ideal Palace, 
Miniature Railway. 




A THREE-MILLION DOLLAR MIDWAY, 
of the Midway is from a point above the eastern entrance, showing about i 



This birdseye 
nt section. The total length of the Midway 



> about 3,000 feet, giving ov 



-third of the length of I 
[t is the largest and fim 




strolling Through the Midway. 
''^' What noisy fellows those are, standing in front of the amusement places and calling out in strange accent 
the category of wonders to be seen just within — ^just beyond our scrutiny ! Here is a business street — the 
strangest in the world — where all business is pleasure. Shall we take the Midway features in their order, beginning 
at the main entrance? This is the Esquimau Village, with its strange huts, its dogs and sledges, and odd games 
played by natives from the Arctics. A Glass Factor}^, showing the processes of making articles of glass, stands upon 
an adjoining lot. 

"All aboard for the Moon 1 " The air ship Luna waits at her dock ! "All aboard 1 " A wonderful spectacular 
illusion is this, originated by Frederick Thompson. We may ride sky-high in the Thompson Aeriocycle, a giant 
teeter, if we will, or go up in the Captive Balloon. If we go into the Old Plantation Me may have a glimpse of 
the Sunny South, with its negro cabins and its cotton fields, and listen to the negro melodies. 

Hi, there ! Look out or you may be stepped on by the camels ! A procession from some ancient city of the 
Beautiful Orient shambles by. Those who did not go to the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, as well as 
those who did, may visit or revisit that famous scene in miniature, for here is the great "White City " again in all 
its magnificence, the guest for the season of the "Rainbow City." "Cleopatra " is a representation, by means of 
life-size paintings, of important events in the life of the Egyptian queen. A great sectional model of a Colorado Gold 
Mine in operation, showing methods of mining, illustrates impressively and graphically the engineering problems 
connected with that industry, and gives one a new understanding of this work. A glance at a variety of moving 
pictures in slot machines and we move on. A Trip Around the World is here made quickly. The strange and 
wonderful sights to be seen in encircling the globe are exhibited in a most entertaining and instructive manner. 

A colossal head upon a pillow as large as a big house bears the sign " Dreamland." We have all been there, 
but not so wide-awake as now. It is a place of singular and interesting illusions. Hours may be spent in some 
of the Midway entertainments, but you may return to these at your leisure without my guidance. We are 
learning more and more to appreciate the cineograph, and Mr. Lubin has here a most interestin 
exhibition of living pictures. 

The Battle of Missionary Ridge, the battle above the clouds, is shown in a mammoth cyclorama, \il.^1ri 
'i-iSfi^-iyU'i-;:.:. with surprisiug fidelity to detail. Inasmuch as the PhiHppine Islands belong to L^ncle Sam's 



O-^ 





domain we have a new 
interest in the Fihpino 
Village here presented, 
showing the native in his 
home and amid his natural 
surroundings. Old Nur- 
emburg is a very large 
representation of a German 
village, and stands on the 
Midway and the Mall, the 
latter being the main 
thoroughfare from east to 
west across the Exposition 
Grounds, separating the 
Electricity from the Ma- 
chinery and Transportation Building, and the Agriculture from 
the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. 

Making Business of Our Pleasure. 

We have visited but one side of the Midway thus far, and 
in order to proceed with system let us return to the eastern 
entrance and take the other side. Under the name of Panop- 
ticon, a great museum of wax figures, probably the largest 
collection of the kind ever displayed, has first place on the left. 
A glance through the Streets of Mexico invites us to a 
further examination. A bit of Mexican life and 
activity has been transplanted here for a season — 



Dreamland " 
n the Midway. 



shops, theater, dancing 
hall, restaurant, arena, 
plaza, cathedral and all. 
An adobe village and pre- 
historic cliff dwellings are 
among the features. 

" Darkness and Dawn " 
is a spectacular representa- 
tion of Dante's Inferno, 
with elaborate electrical 
effects, and is a song and 
sermon in one. In these 
wilds of Darkest Africa, 
with the funny huts, one 
may readily imagine himself 




with Stanley in Africa. The crater of the volcano of Kilauea, 
the burning mountain of Hawaii, is reproduced upon the 
cyclorama plan with ingenious electrical effects to complete the 
illusion. Roltair's odd conceit, a House Upside Down, 
compels a laugh, but the more amusing part by far is within, 
where everything and everj'one seems topsy-tuny. Pabst is 
next in order. 

AVild Water Sports is an imported novelty, including a 
water pantomime with many performerb, 
a chase with hounds and thoroughbreds, 
the famous diving elks which jump from 
a high cliff, and other features. Next 




vpm J 





door is the Camp of Royal Gipsies, with fortune tellers and a theater attended by gipsy performers. 

Bostock's Golden Chariots are upon the corner where the Midway turns again to the eastward. A novel and 
interesting entertainment awaits within. The Johnstown Flood is a scenographic reproduction of the great flood that 
swept away 5,000 lives. The presentation of this will make clear to many minds just how the great calamity occurred. 

Midway South of the Mall. 

~ ._ '"'^ The Midway is about 3,000 feet long, giving over a mile of frontage, all closely built and devoted to the great 

collection of /amusement features. At the corner of the Mall and the South Midway is the Infant Incubator, where 

infants of the human kind are nursed from immature weakness to 

a condition of robust health. This is of genuine scientific 
as well as popular interest. Charles D. Arnold's photograph 
building has a prominent place on the opposite corner. He is 
the official photographer. The Scenic Railway and Rivers, 
Dawson City and the Ideal Palace are near at hand. 

Fair Japan is illustrated by means of a Japanese Village, 
in which the village folk occupy themselves with their 
every-day trades, doing everything in a manner new to 
those of us who have not traveled among them. Venice in 
America is a reproduction, upon a small scale, of famous build- 
ings and features of the real Venice. A branch of the main 
canal which surrounds the Exposition buildings cuts through the 
American Venice, so that the approach may be by water. 

Frank C. Bostock's great Arena of Trained Wild Animals, 
one of the most interesting of the many entertainments, occupies 
a large space here. The great Spectatorium of Jerusalem on 
the Day of the Crucifixion, and the Indian Congress of 42 Tribes, 
a wonderful collection of aborigines, complete the grand list. 





FOUNTAIN OF KRONOS. 
For the western wing of the Esplanade. By F. Edwin Elwell. 
In the Fountain of Kronos Mr. Elwell portrays the God of Time standing on the 
back of a turtle, suggesting the slowness of time, while its swift flight is represented 
by a vigorous forward movement in the outstretched body and winged arms. There 
is the suggestion of an aged countenance through the veil, which typifies the mys- 
tery of time. The spheres in the hands represent the movement of time from sphere 
to sphere. Around the god in the water are figures of moose-fish, creations of the 
sculptor's fancy. 



Fancy Fruits and Finest Flowers. 

The beautiful building devoted to Horticulture was designed 
by R. S. Peabody, of Boston, and its size and situation give it 
special prominence in the magnificent group of Exposition struc- 
tures. It is 220 feet square and its great dome carries a lantern 
at a height of 236 feet. In addition to the grand central dome 
there are four smaller domes at the corners. Upon the four 
fatjades are recessed arched entrances of beautiful design and rich 
in color decorations. 

The Division of Horticulture is under the supervision of 
Frederic W. Taylor. The exhibits are divided into three sub- 
divisions — pomology, floriculture and viticulture. The pomolog- 
ical exhibits consist of apples from cold storage the entire season, 
many varieties of pineapples from Florida, fresh dates of Ameri- 
can growth from Arizona and California, oranges, lemons, limes, 
pomeloes and other citrus fruits ; tropical fruits from Porto Rico, 
preserved fruits from Hawaii, cranberries growing in the natural 
bog soil, prunes and cherries from the Pacific States, Japanese 
persimmons from the Gulf States, peaches from all sections, 
grapes of New York State and California. 

The Sub- Division of Floriculture is in charge of William 
Scott as assistant. In addition to the exhibits in green-houses 
which flank the Horticulture Building on the north and south. 





several acres are devoted to hundreds of beds of 
favorite flowers south of the Horticuhure Building. 
These exhibits include hardy and exotic water plants, 
extensive display of newest and best cannas, 5,000 hardy 
roses, 2,000 summer blooming roses, several thousand 
geraniums (new varieties), 5,000 herbaceous plants, 5,000 
dahlias from eminent specialists, 20,000 summer bloom- 
ing plants best suited for this climate, hardy shrubs, 
conifers or evergreens, hardy trees, 150,000 spring 
flowering bulbs, several beds of the new Spanish iris, 
clematis and other hardy climbers. 

In the Horticulture Building there will be a con- 
tinuous display of flowering plants, groups of palms and 
other decorative plants, ferns, exhibit of cut carnations, 
early in May ; tender roses and peonies, end of 
May ; hardy roses, end of June ; sweet peas, 
end of July ; gladiolus, early August ; asters, 
end of August ; dahlias, middle of September ; 
chrysanthemums, end of October. 

A very attractive feature of the floricultural 
display is the water gardens upon the southern 
shores and in the lagoons of the Mirror Lakes. 
Some very rare and beautiful specimens are shown in 
specially heated pools. In the Sub-Division of Viticulture 
are shown the \ine and its varieties, by living specimens, 
cuttings, engravings and photographs ; table, raisin and 
wine grapes. 




FLORAL WEALTH. 
By Bela L, Pratt of Bosto 



This group, for the 
typifies the bounty ; 
, Nature, such as are i 
Building, in front ol 
stands. 



west wing of the Esplanade, 
md the beautiful products of 
lustrated in the Horticulture 
which this piece of statuary 





The Arts Preservative of All Arts. 

We are all newspaper people, actively or potentially. In no country on 
earth are there so many newspapers and other publications to keep one's 
faculties alert and his mind in touch with all the world. The Graphic Arts 
Division is, therefore, of deepest interest to everyone who admires the beautiful 
in printing, or appreciates the importance 
of time-saving and labor-sa\ing methods in 
the publication of our daily newspapers. 
The recent progress in graphic arts has 
been marvelous indeed. 

The Grai^hic Arts Division comprises 
two sections, and the exhibits are made in the 
"Gallery" and "Workshop," in separate buildings. 
The term " Gallery " is used in the same sense as it is 
employed in reference to an art gallery, which it is, in 
fact, inasmuch as the most artistic productions of the 
printer's art are herein displayed. 

The building in which the Graphic Arts Gallery is 
situated is one of the group of three beautiful structures 
at the western end of the Esplanade. It is west of the 
Temple of Music, south of the Machinery and Trans- 
portation Building, and a conservatory stands between 
it and the Horticulture Building. The building is 150 
feet square, almost the exact counterpart of the INIines 
Building, having four corner towers with lofty pavilions, 
and the modeled relief work and color decorations 
combine to make an exquisite picture. It was designed 



by R. S. Peabody of Boston, architect of the group. 

The Graphic Arts exhibit illustrates the progress 
and the high state of perfection of printing and allied 
trades. The division is under the superintendence of 
Thomas M. Moore, with Richmond C. Hill as assistant. 

The exhibits in the ' ' Gallery ' ' include specimens 
of lithography, zincography, aluminumography, photo- 
gravures and color prints from photo-engraved plates, 
and engravings made from steel, copper or other metallic 
plates ; a fine collection of photographs prepared for 
reproduction by the photo-engraving process ; printing 
inks, bookbinding and paper of every variety. There 
are also several models and pictures of machinery 
relative to the printing and paper-making industries. 

In the "Workshop" are the latest machines for 
printing, engraving, stereotyping, type-setting and type 
distributing in operation. Machines for paper and card 
cutting, embossing, numbering, perforating, wire stitch- 
ing, ruling, etc., are also shown. The most important 
features of the display in the "Workshop," however, 
are the printing presses in operation. These illustrate 
the remarkable progress made in this class of machinery, 
a progress at least co-equal with that made in any branch 
of mechanics. The exhibit includes the very latest and 
best machines for newspapers and job printing, and for 
printing from stone and aluminum plates, which latter 
are being pushed vigorously as competitors of stone. 




THE ARTS. 



Thisi 



By Chas 
Dnt of the 






i a group in the Court of Fountains, in front of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Buildin,2, 
ana it has a companion group called " The Sciences." In " The Arts" Minerva, as the patroness of 
the arts, occupies the main position of the group. Seated upon a tlirone, she holds in her left hand 
a staff. The right arm is resting on the sweeping curve of a classic chair. She is robed in Grecian 
draperies, and her shield, on which is the head of Medusa, is beneath her sandaled feet. The 
emblems traditionally associated with the Goddess of Wisdom — the owl, serpent, laurel and oak— are 
seen in the surroundings of the figure. " Sculpture and Painting " are represented in this group by 
one figure, that of a youth seated, his left hand holding a pallet carelessly thrown across the lap of 
Minerva. In his right hand he holds a small Victory, which he is studying. A young girl representing 
Lyric Poetry holds in her right hand a lyre. 



A Grand Season of 
Athletics. 

The Stadium at the 
Exposition will be the place 
of an almost continuous 
carnival of athletics. The 
program is as follows : 

Friday, May 17 — Cornell- 
University of Michigan base- 
ball game. 

Saturday, May 18 — Erie 
County track and field games. 

Friday and Saturday, May 
24 and 25— New York State 
Interscholastic track games. 

Friday and Saturday, May 
31 and June I — Pan-American 
Intercollegiate track games. 

Monday, June 3, to Satur- 
day, June 7 — School boys mili- 
tary tournament. 

Saturday, June 8 — Cornell- 
Carlisle baseball game. 

Thursday, June 13 to Sat- 
urday, June 15 — A. A. U. championships, 
Monday and Tuesday, June 17 and 
pionships. 

Saturday, June 22— Western New York track meet. 




8 -A. A. U. basketball cham- 




le 22- 

Monday and Tuesday, June 24 and 25— Canoe meet. 
Thursday, June 27— Volksfest (German singing societies). 
Friday and Saturday, June 28 and 29— Scottish games. 



THE STADIUM.— A GLORIOUS ATHLETIC ARENA. 
The Stadium for sports is only a few rods north of the Agriculture and Dairy Buildings. 
It is the most magnificent arena for a like purpose ever erected in America. The seating 
capacity is 13,000. It contains a quarter-mile track and abundant space for all the 
popular athletic games and sports. The architectural adornment is very sirnple and 
beautiful, giving it an aspect of massiveness and durability. The arrangement is that of 
a vast amphitheater, the seats being under cover and affording comfort to the spectators, 
The main entrance is a large building whose upper floor is used for restaurant purposes. 
The architecture is very picturesque and appropriate. While the Stadium was designed 
primarily for athletic and sporting events, it is intended also for the parade and judging 
of live stock, and for the exhibition of farm and road machinery, traction engines, 
automobiles and other vehicles in motion. 



to Wednesday, July 3 — Canadian-American Lacrosse 
-All-round A. A. U. championship and handicap 



Monday, July 
championships. 

Thursday, July 4— 
events ; Marathon race. 

Saturday, July 6 — Exhibition by German Y. M. C. A. 

Wednesday and Thursday, July 10 and 11 — Interscholastic basketball. 

Friday and Saturday, July 12 and 13 — National Interscholastic 
track and field games. 

Monday, July 15 to Saturday, July 20 — Shooting meet. 

Tuesday and Wednesday, July 23 and 24 — National Y. M. C. A. 
track and field games. 

Friday and Saturday, July 26 and 27 — Metropolitan meet, A. A. U. 

Monday and Tuesday, August 5 and 6 — Bicycle meet and national 
amateur championship, 

Wednesday, August 7 to Saturday, August 17 — Bicycle meet. 

Thursday and Friday, August 22 and 23 — Firemen's tournament. 

Saturday, August 24 — A. A. U. gymnastics. 

Wednesday, August 28 to Saturday, August 31 — Irish sports. 

Monday, Sept. 2 to Thursday, Sept. 5 — Association football. 

Friday, Sept. 6th — Pan-American world's championships, cross 
country run. 

Saturday, Sept. 7 — Pan-American world's championships. 

Monday, Sept. 1 5 to Saturday, Sept. 21-Automobile week. 
^ Saturday, Oct. 5 — U. of B. -Lehigh football game. 

Saturday, Oct. 12— U. of B. -Brown football game. 
Saturday, Oct. 19 — Cornell-Carlisle football game. 
-:>.-^^^;[^ Wednesday, Oct. 23 — Wesleyan-U. of B. football game. 




STANDARD BEARER, 

on Triumphal Bridge. 

By Karl Bitter. 





CHARIOT RACE, at fg roth. pa»^-ame.ricanlxpo5itionco. 



This is the 
around the " mei 
horses on the inr 

Mr. Roth ; 
on the Expositioi 



CHARIOT RACE. By F. G. Roth, 
iece of statuary seen by the visitor after passing through the Elmwood Avenue gate, near the New York State Building. It shows an antique chariot swinging 
post of the arena. The curve is rather short, as the leaning of the horses and chariot indicates. The driver, balancing to the swing of the motion, restrains the 
le, while the horses on ;he outside have to do their best to keep up with the pace, 
of the younger American sculptors. His specialty is animals. He has had much success in portraying these subjects, and has several groups of this character 




:\\|// 



SOUTHERN ENTRANCE, ELECTRICITY BUILDING. 
The Electricity Building is 150 by 500 feet and was designed by Edward P. Green of 
Buffalo. While a very beautiful building as a whole, it has some particularly interesting 
and attractive features, notably the southern towers, the northern entrance, and the 
colonnades and loggias on the southern side. It stands on the north side of the Mall, 
west of the Electric Tower. The architect has overlooked no opportunity to secure 
rich decorative effects. 



The Wonders of Electricity. ^^ ■ ^ 

The visitor will very naturally expect to see some 
wonderful things among the multitude of electrical exhibits. '^ / , . \\\>^ 
In this he will suffer no disappointment, for the whole electri- ' 
cal field has been gleaned by experts, and the fruits of their re- 
search will supply, in ample quantity, food for study and contem- 
plation. Prof. George Francis Sever, of Columbia University, 
New York, is Superintendent of Electrical Exhibits, and he has 
had placed at his disposal a multitude of electrical machines 
and appliances from which to make up his splendid display. 
The classification includes apparatus for demonstrating the 
phenomena and laws of electricity and magnetism ; apparatus 
for electrical measurements ; primary and storage batteries, elec- 
tro-plating and refining processes, industrial electro-chemical 
processes and appliances ; arc and incandescent lighting, regulat- 
ing and controlling devices ; telegraphic transmitters, receivers, 
recording apparatus, multiplex apparatus, synchronous tele- 
graphic apparatus ; telephone transmitters and receivers, 
switchboards and appliances, safety devices ; dynamos for 
producing direct and alternating currents, apparatus for the 
transmission of electric energy, alternating current trans- 
formers and motor-dynamos ; electric railway appar- 
atus ; motors, wires, cables, etc. ; electro-therapeu 
tics ; electric welding and heating apparatus ; 
signals and clocks. 

In the Electricity Building the following 
may be noted as of particular interest : 



Prof. George Francis Se^ 




Historical exhibit of electrical apparatus and railway motors 

Niagara Falls transformer plant receiving the current at 
Il,oco volts and stepping it down to 1, 800 volts. 

Models of Niagara Falls power station in operation. 

Magnificent telephone display — probably greatest ever made 
at any Exposition — including a complete working plant. 

Construction and use of underground and submarine cables. 

Complete water-power plant in miniature, showing all 
details from water to utilization of current. 

Gas engines operating large generators. 

Latest electrical therapeutic apparatus and X-Rays. 

Wireless telegraphy. 

Latest and most complete electric light fittings. 

High-speed telegraphy. 



# ^^o^^^i^^ 



'6mu 



■os* 



^^"ith good reason, perhaps, many people have 
become impressed with the idea that the application of 
electricity to cooking is not a success. This is owing 
to the fact that in the early stages of this use of the 
current a large amount of inferior apparatus was placed on the market, which, not 
proving satisfactory when purchased by the people, has given a wrong idea as to the 
service and usefulness of the electric current in this field. The incorrect ideas that 
the public have thus acquired will no doubt in a \ery large degree be corrected 
by the exhibit in the Electricity Building, where everybody will have the oppor- 
tunity to learn of the highest stage of the art of cooking by electricity. 
There is little doubt that the Exposition ^^ill prove an important educator in 

many ways, but pos- 



fMl.^': 




ARTIFICIAL THUNDER AND LIGHTNING. 

The electric sign, " Niagara," is one of the Expo- 
sition novelties. It is produced by means of a very 
powerful current and the shafts of lightning, as they 
cleave the air, produce the sound of thunder in 
precisely the same manner, but with less force than 
the familiar summer-time phenomenon. These 
results were secured after long and patient experiment 
with the heavy current in the great power house at 
Niagara Falls. 



-^W^ 




r^. 



sibly in no field to a greater extent than in portraying the 
general usefulness and adaptability of the electric current and 
particularly its application to domestic purposes. 



M. 



^H^^ Dr. A. L. Benedict. 

Lte j[^ The Struggle for Civilization. 

"^p ^^H Dr. A. L. Benedict, superintendent, has pre- 

^^IPH^I^^H pared a surprise for us in his ethnology and archae- 

^^H ^^^^M ology exhibits. Sermons in bones, books in burial 

^^K^^H^^ nooks, and food for thought in every specimen ! The 

^B(^P^ archaeologist of to-day is a Sherlock Holmes in science. 

He reads the history of a race in its pottery, its arrow and spear 

heads, its copper implements, its buried charcoal, the leavings 

of some camp, ages ago. The social condition of prehistoric 

man is made known, not by his literature, but by the language 

of his implements of war, his utensils of peace and his burial 

customs which have survived 

the erosion of ages. The 




'*'^ 






I 










splendid collection here 
athered is rich in revela- 
tions of the lives of the 
early inhabitants of the 
Western World. The 
classification under 
prehistoric archae- 
ology includes mortuary cus- 
toms, graves, mounds, dwell- 
ings, sculptures, domestic ani- 
mals, methods of manufacture of 
chipped flint implements, pottery, 
bone implements, etc. The exhibit of 
prehistoric relics is very complete. 



ETHNOLOGY BUILDING. 
Architect George Gary, of Buffalo, has designed a beautiful building 
for the Ethnoloey and Archaeologj' exhibits. It is circular 
in form and 150 feet in diameter. The roof is a great dome, richly 
ornamented, and above the four main entrances are dashing quadri- 
gas. An important feature of the building is the exterior terrace or 
promenade upon the roof outside the circle of the dome. The cor- 
ner entrances are stately in design and splendid in their color 
decorations. The situation of the building, upon the corner of the 
Esplanade and Court of Fountains, gives it special prominence. 




Six Nations Indian Exhibit. 

Few people realize the power and prestige possessed by the 
Iroquois Confederacy in the days of its greatest strength. The 
Iroquois, or Six Nations, were the most powerful Indian Empire 
north of the Aztecs of Mexico, in the days when the white 
pioneers pressed their way into the unexplored wilds where now 
are the busy centers of trade and industry on the Niagara frontier 
and in Western New York. History tells much of the warfare 
which went on between the whites and the Indians during the two 
hundred years before the red men were forced to give way to the 
civilization brought by the whites from the Old World, and 
confine themselves to the reservations in New York State and 
Canada, where the remnants of the once powerful Iroquois are 
now to be found. Upon these reservations are the representa- 
tives in our. own day of the Six Nations which made up the 
Senecas, Cayugas, Oneidas, 



Iroquois League — the Mohawks, 
Onondagas and Tuscaroras. 

The Ethnology Building is 
filled with most interesting col- 
lections pertaining to the life and 
customs of the aborigines of Am- 
erica. These collections illustrate 
the civilization attained by the 
ancient Aztecs, and the customs 
of other aboriginal peoples of the 
continent, including Alaska and British America. In addition to these portrayals of the institutions 
of the red man, there is the Six Nations Yillage, with seventy typical specimens of the Iroquois. 

Iroqaois Lacrosse Players. 



NDIAN ON HORSEBACK. By Chas. C. Rumsey. 
This equestrian statue was modeled by a Harvard University student and 

C. Rumsey. The poise of the Indian especially expn 



Buffalo, Mr. Ch; 

characteristics of the red man, and thi 



vhole conception of the piece is most original. 




At 








^*^w.,'ff# i^f^^^ f-^ 



g^2>^vj;^,-« 



Western World Handicraft. 

The exhibits in the Division of Manufactures include chemicals and drugs, paints and 
painters' supplies ; soaps, toilet articles, essences and perfumery ; traveling, camping and sporting 
apparatus ; furniture and interior decorations ; carvings and art metal work ; ceramics and allied 
products ; glass and glassware ; burial appliances ; heating, cooking and washing apparatus, and 
kitchen appliances ; lighting apparatus and appliances ; refrigerators ; hollowware, tinware, 
enamelware ; sewing machines ; mineral fabrics ; fabrics of glass ; gold and silverware, jewelry, 
ornaments, watches, clocks, etc. ; rubber and water-proof goods ; woolens, cottons, linens, 
silks, furs, millinery ; toys and barbers' supplies ; paper, stationery and typewriters ; leather and 
manufactures of leather ; scales, weights and measures ; steel and wrought iron ; vaults, 
safes, hardware, cutlery, edge tools and other implements ; miscellaneous articles. 

The Manufactures Division is under the superintendence of Major Algar M. 
Wheeler, who has secured many exhibits of special interest. Prominent among them 
are the following : 

Extensive displays of silverware by leading A great variety of sewing machines by prominent 

manufacturers. makers. 




MANUFACTURES BUILDING. 
The Manufactures and Liberal Arts 
Building is on ttie east side of the Court 
of Fountains, next south of the Mall, and 
is from designs by Geo. F, Shepley, of 
Boston. The Court of Cypresses is on 
the south and the Grand Canal on the 
east. The building is 350 by 500 feet, 
and the architecture conforms to the 
general style of the Exposition, having 
many suggestions of Spanish origin. In 
the center of the building is a spacious 
glazed court in which has been arranged a 
large display of industrial art exhibits. 
Over the main entrance of the building, 
on the south, is a high dome, flanked by 
four square open towers. Broad steps 
between large groups of statuary lead up 
to the entrance, which consists of a higli 
arch with two tall columns on either side. 
Above the arch, elaborate relief work 
enriches the gable. Statues symbolizing 
the various arts and industries are placed 
in niches at the angles of the se% eral open 
towers around the dome The towers 
may be reached by open spu-al stair- 
cases, 17 feet m diameter The 
interior of the dome i» 70 feet ^ 
across, and is encircled b) 
gallerieb from which one 
may lia\e good \iews of 4 
the crowds below The 
id all 
the 

the building aic of a high- 
chaiacter 



m 







A booth made of glass. 

A complete shoe factory in operation. 

A pagoda constructed of pure aluminum. 

A grass booth, displaying twine made of grass. 

A huge refrigerator made of tile. 

An extraordinary display of woolens. 

Extensive displays of costly furs. 

Large exhibits of corduroys, plushes and dress 
goods. 

Looms manufacturing hammocks and mosquito 
netting. 



A machine manufacturing watch chains. 

Extensive exhibits of cash registers with stere- 
opticon views showing their construction. 

Very large exhibits of American pottery by the 
leading pottery firms of the country. 

The Gloucester Fishery Exhibit brought from 
Paris. 

A great display of the industries of Mexico. 

Display showing the process of manufacturing 
watches. 

Machines manufacturing badges of various kinds. 



Liberal Arts Exhibit. 

One-fourth the space in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building — the northeast corner — has 
been set apart for the Liberal Arts exhibit. Dr. Selim H. Peabody, who was Superintendent of 
Liberal Arts at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, and who is an eminent educator, is 
superintendent here. Of special interest and importance are the following : 

Exhibits of sanitary manufactures, bath-tubs, 
closets, bathrooms, etc. 

Medical and surgical apparatus, instruments, 
operating tables, etc. 

Scientific apparatus — • microscopes, telescopes, 
field and engineering instruments, drawing instru- 



Educational exhibit, including contributions from 
leading universities, colleges, technical schools, art 
schools, public and private schools, etc. Library 
exhibits. Models and plans of school buildings. 

Models and plans of tenement houses, defective 
and improved. 

Exhibits of board of health, of charity 
organizations and of various methods of 
social economy. 

Models of public works, as the Nic- 
aragua interoceanic canal, the Chicago 
drainage canal, parks, sewage, and 
transfer system of Boston. 
Exhibits of insurance. 



Dr. Selim H. Peabody, 
Superintendent of Liberal Arts. 



'4 



ments, maps and globes, machines for voting, calcu- 
lating, making change, etc. 

Band musical instruments, violins, guitars, banjos, 
musical boxes, mechanical organs, accordeons, flutes. 

Pianofortes and pianoforte players ; pipe organs 
and cabinet organs. 

Photographs, photographic apparatus and supplies. 

Publishers' exhibit — books, magazines, bibles, etc. 




CROWNING FIGURES for the 
FOUNTAIN OF N.A.TURE. 
By George Brewster. 
This fountain is in the western end of 
the Esplanade. The female figure, 
representing Nature, holds aloft the 
sun. At her feet are cherubs on clouds; 
beneath them, seated upon a globe, 
are figures representing the elements. 




A special section of the Liberal Arts exhibit is devoted to Hygiene and 
Sanitation. Dr. Jacob S. Otto is the assistant in charge of these very interest- 
ing exhibits, which relate to physical culture and apparatus therefor, hospitals, 
boards of health and their functions, the chemistry, preservation and adultera- 
tion of foods, mechanical methods of sanitation, and sanitary architecture. 

Agricultural Machinery and Appliances. 

The fact that the United States have become such large producers of 
agricultural machinery for the world at large has resulted in the allotment of a 
special division to this class of machines and tools. The exhibit, which has 
been housed in the exhibit space under the amphitheater of the Stadium, 
includes implements, machines and tools for breaking, stirring and pulverizing 
the soil, fertilizing, sowing and planting ; for the protection of growing and 
standing crops and harvesting, storing and preparing them for market. It also 
includes machines for repairing and building roads, the construction of fences, 
with samples of gates and posts ; machines, appliances and methods for raising, 
storing and applying water for agricultural purposes ; irrigation and drainage 
machinery, appliances and methods ; engines and machinery for developing 
and transmitting power for farm uses. The exhibit of special machinery is 
important, relating to the cultivation and harvesting of sugar cane and the 
sugar beet, cotton, flax and other fibrous plants, and for the manufacture 
of sugar, molasses and starch. Thomas M. Moore is superintendent. 

American Artists Have No Old-World Competition Here. 

The Fine Arts Building, 221 by 106 feet, is fire-proof and has an attractive site in a beautiful grove, 1,100 
feet south of the Government Buildings. For the first time at a great exposition, American artists are without the 
competition of old-world masters. William A. Coffin, the eminent art critic, is superintendent. 




Marvels in Machinery. 

The very great improvement in machinery during the 
last few years has made possible exhibits in this division that 
are of deep interest to every one who is concerned in the 
improvement of machines in general. The exhibits include 
engines and motors driven by air, gas, gasoline, oil, steam 
and water ; pumping machinery and implements for com- 
pressing air and gases ; apparatus and means for controlling, 
conveying and measuring air, gases and liquids, such as 
pumps, pumping engines and meters, filters, blowers, blowing 
engines, ventilating apparatus and appliances, hydraulic 
presses, piping and tubing, pipe fittings and appliances ; 
pneumatic machinery. 

Another group includes fire engines, hose, hose carts, 
water towers, stand pipes, fire ladders, fire escapes, chemical 
engines, extinguishers and appliances ; machinery for special 
industries, such as spinning and weaving appliances, felt and 
rubber goods, leather-working machinery and 
sewing machines ; machines and tools for working 
metals both cold and hot ; machinery for work- 
ing wood, such as circular, band and jig saws ; 
planing, molding, tonguing, grooving, shaping 
and mortising machines; turning, boring, curv- 
ing and stamping machines ; veneering, sanding 
and polishing machines ; barrel, cask and box 
making machinery ; special machinery and appli- 
ances for working cork, ivory and vegetable ivory. 









MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION BUILDING. 
One of the first of the large buildings to be completed was that devoted to Machinery and 
Transportation exhibits. This building is 500 by 350 feet and is situated on the west side~of 
the Court of Fountains. On the north is the Mall, on the west the Grand Canal, and on the 
south the Court of Lilies. It is from plans by Edward B. Green, of Buffalo, and the style 
of architecture is that of the Spanish Renaissance, with very elaborate detail. There are twin 
towers on both the north and south sides, very delicately molded and graceful. In the center 
is a covered court devoted to pumping machinery', supplying more tlian 30,000 gallons per 
minute to the various fountains and cascades upon the Exposition grounds. 



rubbinsj and polishins 



Under the head of miscellaneous machinery are shown all kinds of special machines, such as those for drawing 
and expanding metal ; factory and mill machines, rolling mill appliances ; forges and heating furnaces ; wire and 
cut nail, spike, horseshoe and horseshoe nail machinery ; hand tools for shop use ; crane machinery for handling 
heavy material ; machines for weaving wire ; machines for making pins, needles, hooks and eyes, buttons, clocks 
and watches, jewelry ; laundry machinery ; bottling and corking machinery ; machines for painting, sanding. 
Another class of machines includes those for making brick, tile, pottery and artificial 
stone; grinding, polishing, engraving and etching glass ; sawing, planing, dressing, shaping 
and polishing stone. Thomas M. Moore is superintendent. 

Road Vehicles and Vessels. 

The exhibits of vehicles other than those for railways are shown in the Machinery and Trans- 
portation Building, under the superintendence of Thomas M. Moore. They include bicycles and 
multicycles ; vehicles for farm use, city delivery, pleasure, speeding, public vehicles ; ambulances, 
hearses ; harness and saddlery ; vehicles operated by electricity, steam, gas or gasoline, compressed air ; 
sleighs; passenger and freight elevators for buildings, etc. The exhibit of vessels is also made in this 
building and includes those propelled by man or animal power, sails, steam or other engines or 
motors. The exhibit also embraces wrecking and diving apparatus, and includes models, drawings, 
descriptions, specifications, photographs, paintings and complete apparatus. 

Equipment for Luxurious Travel. 

The exhibits of railway trains and equipment are installed in a long building, in the Mexican- 
Spanish style of architecture, at the northern end of the grounds. The western end of the 
building is used for the steam railway station. The railway exhibits occupy about two-thirds 
of the building, in which six tracks have been installed for the accommodation of model 
trains, locomotives, etc. The wall space of this portion of the building is used by the 
various railway companies for the exhibition of scenic photographs, and other illustrations 
of points of special interest along their respective lines. 









*t. 



Detail of a Doorway. 



Thomas M. Moore, 

Supt. Machinery, Transportation, Agricultural 

Machinery, Graphic Arts and Ordnance. 



The Mineral Kingdom. 

The Mines Building is 150 feet square and is one of the splendid group at the western end 
of the Esplanade, designed by R. S. Peabody, of Boston. It is the southernmost of the group, 
and has a picturesque situation on the Grand Canal and one of the Mirror Lakes. Dr. David 
T. Day, of the United States Geological Survey, is the superintendent, and has sought to show in 
compact form the marvelous resources in minerals of Pan-America. The principal features 
of interest are : 



The natural history of gold, including the two 

largest nuggets found in the West. 
The precious stones of North and South America. 
American sapphires. American turquoise. 
The telluride gold deposits of Colorado. 
Collective exhibit of iron ores and of coal. 




The electric map of the mineral resources of North 

and South America. 
Great exhibit of petroleum and of its products. 
Model of the first petroleum well. 
Automatic handling of ores. 

Methods of ore reduction and con- 
centration. 
Automatic transportation. 
Silicified wood from Arizona. 
Library of mining literature. 
Newly discovered diamonds from 

Wisconsin. 
A.zurites and malachites from 

Arizona. 
The largest natural native nugget of silver 
Gold from Cape Nome and the Klondike. 




i'eighing 300 pounds 



The classification of mineral exhibits is as follows : 
Minerals, ores, native metals, gems, crystals and geological 
specimens ; mining machinery, tools and appliances for under- 
ground mining ; timber cutting and framing machines for use 
in mines ; blasting implements and hand tools ; steam, com- 
pressed air and electric drills ; diamond drills ; oil, gas and 



water boring machinery, coal cutting mach- 
inery ; machinery, tools and appliances used 

in placer, hydraulic or "drift" mining and 

an historical exhibit ; machinery for crushing, 

pulverizing and milling ores ; machinery for 

quarrying stone ; machinery, tools and appli- 
ances used in moving, delivering and storing 

ores and coal ; ores and metallic products ; 

metallurgy of iron, steel, tin, zinc, nickel, 

cobalt, copper, aluminum, antimony and other 

metals is illustrated by means of mach- 
inery and appliances ; exhibits of non-metallic 

mineral products are made, such as abrasive, 

grinding and polishing material ; limestones, 

cements and artificial stone ; graphite, clays, 

salts, sulphur, pigments, etc. Combustible 

materials include coal and coke, asphalt and 

its compounds, petroleum, illuminating and 

lubricating oils, and natural gas. The quarry 

products include marbles, ornamental stones 

and building stones. A vast amount of very 
useful information is presented in the 

literature of mining, with maps, models and pictures 
illustrating the geology and distribution of minerals 
and mines, and the methods of working mines ; 
charts, diagrams and tabular representations ; mine 
engineering and statistics of mining and metallurgy. 





MINERAL WEALTH. 
For the East Wing of the Esplanade. By Chas. H. Niehaus. 

Mr. Chas. H. Niehaus contributes two of the largest groups of the commissioned sculp- 
ture for the Pan-American Exposition. These, in representing the given subject, 
" Mineral Wealth," he has centralized into the " Story of Gold " and 'the " Story of 
Light," as interpreting, respectively, solid and fluid (gaseous) mineralogy. And, like- 
wise, in each of these groups, he has again centralized the distinctive idea in the female 
figure of each group, as in " The Story of Gold " where the " Genius of Opportunity " 
is seen calling through her fingers to waken the world to its waiting possibilities, and in 
" The Story of Light " where the " Genius of Inspiration " is holding aloft a torch to 
show the source of enlightenment. The themes are elaborated bv male figures. 



Dr. David T. Day, 

Supt. of Mines and Metallurgy. 




AGRICULTURE. 
By Phinister A. Proctor. 
This is a group in the Court of Fountains, carrying out a phase of the symbolic scheme illustrating the purposes and meaning of the buildings surrounding this 



nd their exhibits. 



A Sower Went Forth to Sow. 

No man takes a more comprehensive view of life and its 
marvelous possibilities than the up-to-date farmer. He is an 
artisan, scientist, inventor, philosopher, discoverer, teacher, 
all in one. By developing the possibilities of seed and soil he 
has developed himself. In the last few years agricultural 
colleges have multiplied rapidly, a Department of Agriculture 
has been created in our Federal Government and the business 
of the farmer has become a science. Haphazard farming is a 
thing of the past or has no excuse for continuance. 

For these reasons the Division of Agriculture at the 
Exposition is a most interesting one. Frank A. Converse, the 
superintendent, has brought together a magnificent showing of 
the agricultural interests of the Western World. No less than 
i8 States have important exhibits in this division, a remarkable 
number, considering the short time allowed for preparation. 
The agricultural exhibit includes not only the ordinary crops, 
but the commercial forms of these crops, from many States and 
countries. Tables and statistics show the various crops produced 
in each State, province and country, also the money accruing 
from them, and so far as this particular exhibit is con- 
^^HpCr.. cerned, it is exceedingly valuable to all interested. 
^^^"^^ The main floor is of necessity occupied by the 

^■V^Jb exhibits from the various States. On the north 

^H^e^lp side of the Agriculture Building is a large gallery 

^Hk^K^^^ in which are the individual exhibits and those of 
^^^^^^^^Hl the different associations. 

^BBBIW^^ Fr; 



AGRICULTURE BUILDING. 

Among the handsome facades upon the Court of Fountains is that of the Agriculture Build- 
ing, nearly opposite the Electric Tower and next north of the Mall. The building is 150 by 
500 feet, with a balcony for exhibits along the entire north interior. Along the southern 
exterior is a stately colonnade, forming loggias of particular attractiveness and beauty. A 
sunken garden, like a great floral panel, lies between this building and the Manufactures 
Building on the south. The four main entrances are of rich design, and the color decora- 
tions heighten the general beauty. Molded ornaments, representing heads of domestic 
animals and products of the farm, are much used. The building is from designs by Geo. 
F. Shepley, of Boston. 



Frank A. Converse, 
Superintendent of Agriculture, 
Live Stock and Dairy Products. 





HORSE TRAINER. 



Frederic G. Roth. 
Mr. Rotli has been very successful in the sculpture of animals, 
and this is one of his best achievements. It was executed for 
the purpose of ornamentation of an open space near the Live 
Stock Buildings and expressing the purpose of these buildings 
and their exhibits 



The Humble Beet and Its Products. 

A large space is occupied by the American Beet Sugar Association, which 
includes all of the beet sugar factories in the United States. This exhibit shows 
the entire series of operations of beet sugar manufacture, from the growing of 
the beets to the finished products. 

Business of the Busy Bee. 

An exhibit of live bees carrying on their daily occupation of gathering and 
storing honey is arranged in the gallery. The different State associations inter- 
ested in bee culture have displays showing the commercial forms of honey and its 
products. Canada makes a fine display. Bee-keepers' supplies are also here a- 
plenty. Other exhibits in the gallery are those of prominent seed houses, show- 
ing all varieties used by the American people. Individual exhibits of leaf tobacco 
are also shown, which give some idea of the vast extent of the tobacco industry. 



The Indispensable Experimental Station. 

An exhibit of wide interest is made by the Office of Experiment Stations 
at Washington, D. C, under the supervision of Dr. A. C. True, Director. This 
is supplemented by the New York State exhibit from Geneva, under the direction of Dr. W. H. Jordan. This presents largely 
the work of fertilizers, and dairy bacteriology, feeding, statistics, the combating of destructive insects, etc. 

An exhibition of malted liquors is made by large firms in the United States and Canada. The Vermont Maple Sugar 
Association has an exhibit of maple sugar in all of its commercial forms, which shows something of the importance of this 
industry, particularly in the State of Vermont. 

Large relief pictures have been placed upon the walls at either end of the building, and on either side of the 
entrance of the north and south sides. These pictures were arranged by manufacturers of agricultural implements and ^f\S<l 
railroad companies, and show the maaufacturing plants where modern machinery is made, and farm and other scenery ];'/>2 
along the lines of railways represented. ^ 




Dairy Interests Are Imposing. 

Uncounted millions are invested in dairying in the States and 
countries of the Western World, and what we see here is the highest and 
best achievement in this vast industry. In the Dairy Building, which 
stands just east of the Agriculture Building, are the dairy supplies, and 
exhibits of butter and cheese. One of the most attractive lines of 
exhibits is that of centrifugal cream separators, exhibited by the United 
States and Canada. Two very large refrigerating cases contain the 
butter and cheese ; the one devoted to cheese stands always at 50 
degrees and the one for butter always at 40. Perfect texture and quality 
are thus guaranteed. 

The Model Dairy, in the Live Stock Exhibit, contains 55 animals, 
eleven breeds being represented by five animals each. The stable for 
this dairy represents the latest ideas in stable construction, and serves as 
an important object lesson for dairymen, especially with reference to 
hygienic and sanitary conditions. Accurate data is kept of each animal, 

regarding her performance 
A^^ I with reference to produc- 

tion and cost of mainten- 
ance. Frank A. Converse 
is superintendent of the 
Dairy Division. 

Live Stock and Dates 
of Shows. 

In the Division of Live 
Stock, Frank A. Converse, 





A(,E OF ENLIGHTENMENT. 
By Herbert Adams. 
This group is in the east wing of the Esplanade, in front of the group of 
Government Buildings, and is one in a series expressing the progress of man 
from the savage to the enlightened state. The idea which Mr. .Adams 
wishes to express in the central, portion of this composition is the blessings 
of peace which enlightenment brings to the human race. The central figure, 
that of a woman, is holding a scroll in her lap. Two youthful figures on 
either side — the one a young boy and the other a young woman — are receiv- 
ing instruction, this symbolizing intellectual advancement. Below are two 
figures — the one a male fi.gure, representing inventive genius, the other a 
female figure with a lyre and pallette — symbolizing artistic genius. 

There is a second group by Mr. .\dams, also illustrating enlightenment, 
and this is again composed of a central figure — a woman — holding a child. 
The two youthful figures at either side complete the family aspect. There 
are also two figures somewhat below this central composition , again a male 
and a female, the male expressing law and organization, while the female 
with her books and a globe and cross symbolizes tradition. The figures in 
these are about nine feet in heieht. 



Design on the Official Diploma. 
By Raphael Beck. 




superintendent, there are 17 pavilions, covering 10 acres of ground. These are 
for the accommodation of live stock exhibits, which are arranged according to 
the following dates: Bench Show, Aug. 27 to 30; Swine, Aug. 26 to Sept. 7; 
Cattle, Sept. 9 to 21; Sheep, Sept. 23 to Oct. 5; Horses, Oct. 7 to 19; 
Poultry and Pet Stock, Oct. 21 to 31. A wool exhibit from all the Americas is 
arranged for the first week in June. 

Classification has been made for the Bench Show so as to cover all the 
popular varieties of dogs. $3,500 is offered in premiums, aside from §2,500 in 

cash, silver and plate. Exhibits are from the various kennels throughout the 

United States and Canada. 

High Steppers and Hard Pullers. 

The dates of the fashionable Horse Show at the Exposition are October 7 to 19. Events of great interest are scheduled for 
every day or evening during the entire two weeks. Representative horsemen from Chicago, New York, Newport and Detroit 
will participate in this important society function with their elegant turnouts of many descriptions. Large prizes have been 
offered and there will be a fine display of thoroughbreds, Shetland ponies, draught and saddle horses. Sixteen breeds of horses 
are to be represented in the horse exhibit, special attention being given to animals suitable for cavalry service. 

Social Qualities of the Hen. 

The hen has often been referred to as the farm-mortgage lifter, and her importance is fully recognized at the Exposition. 
She will be present 15,000 strong, in a hundred breeds. Along with the great poultry carnival during the last ten days of 
October will be the Pet Stock Show. Included in this will be the display of Belgian hares, a new favorite of the farm, a great 
variety of pigeons, and many kinds of domestic cats. Among the cats will be a pair of Angoras from Newport, which cost $3,200. 

Grangers Coming 300,000 Strong. 

The Grangers expect to visit the Exposition to the number of not less than 300,000. They are coming from all parts of 
the country, singly and by special excursion arrangements. A Grange Building, erected for the convenience of these farmers' 
organizations, stands upon the Mall near the Dairy Building. It is in charge of a representative of the New York State Grange, 
which alone has a membership of 60,000. 



lrWrty»V»H»»4IW»l 




Timber Talk. 

The Forestry Build- 
ing is of rough construc- 
tion, the exterior re- 
sembling a great log 
house, and the roof is 
made of bark slabs. The 
building was designed 
by W. W. Bosworth and 
is situated southeast of 
the Government Build- 
ings, near the Grand 
Canal. Its nearest 
neighbors are the log 
and bark cabins, and the 
large stockade of the 
Si.x Nations Indian ex- 
hibit. The Superintendent of Forestry Exhibits is Frederic 
W. Taylor, with Frederick DePuyster Townsend as assistant. 
The forestry exhibits include forestry, botany, literature and 
statistics, arborculture, entomology as related to the combat- 
ing of insects, collections and specimens illustrating 
forest products, timber, process of manipulation and 
preserving, including wood-pulp, bark, gum, resin 
and similar products of the forest, seeds and their 
preparation for use. Exhibits from Cuba and 
other tropical countries — rich woods, bark and 



TO^EIS^ t^Y ^ U I L Di N G 

PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 




saps — practically arranged for the information of the public, are 
made a special feature. Photographs, samples and statistics 
of the lumber trade and of forestry as related to the devasta- 
tion of forests, their care and management, from Pan-American 
countries, are shown. Prominent among the forestry exhibits 
are those from Michigan, Oregon and the Southern States. The 
United States Government also makes a very noteworthy 
exhibit of the woods of different parts of the country, showing 
the distribution of various species and the effect of the denuda- 
tion of land of its forest growth. 



Frederic W. Taylor. 



Uncle Sam in Evidence. 

The United States Government Board has expended its 
half-million dollars with splendid results. Every department 
is here with its best possible showing. The exhibits are housed 
in a magnificent group of three buildings, one of them more 
than four hundred feet long by one hundred and thirty feet 
wide, and with a central dome two hundred and fifty feet high. 




The two lesser buildings are each one hundred and fifty feet 
square, and are connected with the main building by massive 
arcades. The architecture is Spanish, of an enduring aspect. 

Seven thousand square feet are devoted to the exhibit 
made by the United States Treasury Department under Wallace 
H. Hills, Superintendent of the Treasury. A feature of this 
large exhibit is a lighthouse, forty-five feet high, under the 
central dome of the large build- 
ing, being an exact reproduc- 
tion of one of the best known 
lighthouses on the Atlantic 
coast. The Mint is represented 
by a coin press having a capa- 
city of eighty coins per minute. 
This is kept in operation mak- 
ing souvenir medals. The 
Bureau of Printing shows a 
plate printing press turning 
out souvenirs. The Marine 
Hospital Service shows a model 
of a quarantine station. The 
Coast and Geodetic Survey 
exhibits a miniature tide gauge. 
A big knife used for a quarter of 
a century in the Treasury 
Department, for cutting bills 
in two when turned in for 



Triumphal Bridge 



redemption, is one of the curios. The Treasury officers estimate that the blade 
of the knife has passed through bills representing a face value of between five 
and six billion dollars. The first ledger and journal kept by the treasurer of the 
colonial government, the oldest government record in existence, is shown. A 
specimen of every coin issued by the United States and some of the finest made 
by other governments are exhibited. The Life Saving Service exhibit is also 
under Mr. Hills. A special station has been erected on the shore of the 
Exposition lake, where daily exhibitions are given. 

A distinguishing feature of the Navy Department exhibit under B. F. 
Peters is a map of the world, eight by twenty feet, showing in large, legible letters 
the principal maritime ports of the world, and the United States navy yards and 
stations at home and abroad. The great map is arranged upon a table and 
covers the globe from the 6oth parallel north to the 6oth parallel south. Upon 
it are placed 307 miniature lead models, each representing a battleship, cruiser, 
monitor, gunboat, torpedo boat, submarine boat, sailing vessel, collier or tug 
of the United States Navy, in commission, in ordinary, under repairs or under 
construction. The models of cruising vessels are painted white, the torpedo 
boats green, the colliers and sailing vessels black, and the tugs and yard boats 
orange. The largest of the models is not more than one and a half inches in 
length. The position of each model upon the map shows the locations each day 
of the corresponding vessel of the navy. Each model flies a pennant with its 
name printed on in bold type. The display of a tiny flag on the model signi- 
fies that the corresponding vessel of the navy is in commission for service, 
and when no flag is displayed it signifies that the corresponding vessel of the 
navy is laid up in ordinary, under repairs or under construction. This exhibit 
is a 20th century kindergarten lesson descriptive of the navy as it is to-day ; and 
to those persons who have not had an opportunity to visit our various navy 





yards or see our squadrons manoeuvered, a glance at it prob- 
ably gives a more accurate idea of the composition of our navy 
than can be had in any other -svay. The many other features 
of the naval display are full of interest to the inquiring mind. 

The Department of Labor, represented by Chas. H. Verrill, 
makes an exhibit of its work, as shown by its annual and special 
reports, and its bi-monthly bulletins dealing with subjects 
connected with labor, especially in its relation to capital, the 
hours of labor, the earnings of laboring men and women, and 
the means of promoting their material, social, intellectual and 
moral welfare. Some of the objects and results of investigation 
are illustrated by figures, charts and special printed matter. 
In connection with this is shown, also, the work which has been 
done by the various State Bureaus of Labor along the same lines. 

The exhibit of the Department of Justice, under direction 



of Frank Strong, consists mainly of portraits, figures, docu- 
ments and records of historical interest. The exhibit is a very 
extensive one, and of deep interest to lawyers, authors, writers, 
and the intelligent public in general. An interesting branch 
of the exhibit are the photographs and views connected with 
United States prisons and prisoners, and the curious produc- 
tions illustrative of the ingenuity of men when in confinement. 
The exhibit of the Post-Ofiice Department, in charge of 
John B. Brownlow, is the most complete ever shown. It 
includes a collection of all the postage stamps ever used by the 
United States, valued at more than $50,000 ; a collection of 
old stamps and equipment for handling the mails 
from Cuba, Porto Rico and Hawaiian Islands ; 
models of uniformed mail carriers of 
the United States and other countries, 





equipped with the insignia of their respective governments; models of various mail steamships and small steamers 
employed in the mail service ; the model of a United States mail car completely furnished ; models of German mail 
coaches and carts ; an old mail and passenger coach used in the frontier service many years ago ; an Indian mail carrier 
with toboggan, and other odd exhibits. The exhibit occupies 5,000 square feet of space. 

It is impossible in brief space to give an adequate idea of the very great extent of the Government exhibits, as each one ot 
them is deserving of a long chapter. 

The Fishery exhibit occupies the southern building of the United States Government 
group. The exhibit treats of scientific inquiry, fish culture, methods and statistics. There 
are thirty-two tanks, containing the salt and fresh water fiih propogated by the United States 
Fish Commission, and all the economic and food fishes of the North Atlantic coast and inland 
waters. The corridor surrounding the tanks is in semi-darkness, and the tanks are lighted 
from the back, thus giving a clear view of the aquatic life within. The supply of fresh water 
comes from Lake Erie, and the salt water is brought from Wood's HoU, Mass., in tank cars. 
Large settling tanks have been arranged beneath the building, from which it is supplied by 
means of nickel pumps to the storage tanks above, and thence by gravity to the fish tanks. 
The water is kept at a low temperature by means of an ice machine. The many curious 
specimens of fishes make this exhibit one of very unusual interest. Besides the living exhibit 
there is a large collection of fishing apparatus of every description. 

The Department of the Interior has exhibits from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the 
Geological Survey, Patent Office, Land Office, Bureau of Education and Census Office 
These are in charge of F. W. Clarke. The exhibit of models from the Patent Office 
is of especial interest owing to the great progress of invention during the last few years. 

The Department of State illustrates, by means of blanks, circulars and charts, the workings 
of the Diplomatic Bureau, Consular Bureau, Bureau of Statistics, Bureau of Accounts, Bureau 
of Indexes and Archives, Bureau of the Rolls and Library, Bureau of Commissions and 
Pardons, Passport Bureau and Mail Division. Many branches of historical interest 
will be included in this exhibit, showing the important transactions between this and 

LAKE MICHIGAN. 





Triumphal Bridge 



Other countries. The exhibit of this department is in charge of Wm. H. McMichael. 

The exhibits of the Department of Agriculture are in charge of J. H. Brigham, who is 
also Chairman of the Government Board. These are exhibited in the Government 
Building, and include displays of cereals, tobacco, animal and vegetable fibers, and 
exhibits from the Bureau of Animal Industry, Weather Bureau, Division of Entomology, 
Division of Ornithology and Mammalogy, Botanical and Horticultural Divisions, Division 
of Forestry, Division of Chemistry, Division of Statistics, Division of Microscopy, Division 
of Vegetable Pathology, Division of Pomology, OlSce of Experimental Stations, Division 
of Records and Editing, and Division of Illustrations. 

The Paris exhibit of experimental station work is arranged in the Agriculture Building 
and is under the supervision of Dr. F. W. True. 

The exhibit of the Bureau of American Republics is in charge of William C. Fox, and 
the very valuable and interesting exhibits from the Smithsonian Institution and the National 
Museum are in charge of Dr. True. The officials in charge of the several department 
exhibits constitute the Government Board. 

The War Department exhibit is particularly attractive. Capt. Peter C. Harris has had 
the responsibility of bringing together from many arsenals and army headquarters these 
varied objects of interest. The ordnance exhibit shows the four types of sea-coast defense 
guns. The largest is a twelve-inch rifle, weighing 115,000 pounds, mounted upon a dis- 
appearing carriage which weighs 350,000 pounds. It is one of those guns that can drive a 
1,000-pound projectile twenty-five inches into solid steel armor at a distance of a mile and a 
half It takes 240 pounds of smokeless powder, or 490 pounds of brown prismatic powder, 
to fire it. Other features of the ordnance display are a ten-inch rifle mounted on a 
barbette carriage, a twelve-inch mortar, a five-inch rapid fire gun, a historical series 
of old sea-coast defense guns, showing the development of ordnance ; mountain 
field and siege guns, and small arms. The engineering section shows modern harbor work and dredging apparatus. \^ i 
The signal section has an exhibit of wireless telegraphy and the several other methods of transmitting information quickly '^f-o 




in time of war. The Military Academy at West Point is represented 
for the first time at an exposition. The Quartermaster's section 
shows the latest methods of army equipment. 

Great Exhibit of Commercial Ordnance. 

The commercial ordnance exhibit is arranged in two buildings 
some distance south of the Government Buildings, and is entirely 
distinct from the Government exhibits, showing what private manu- 
facturers are doing in the United States. Between the two buildings 
a Gruson turret, 55 feet in diameter, has been constructed and a 
model 1 2 -inch gun has been mounted within. This type of gun 
represents the largest which will now be manufactured in this country 
for coast defense purposes. The turret and its equipment are the 
first exhibit of the kind ever made in the United States. The Gruson 
turret illustrates the newest step inade toward an impregnable form 
of defense. The exhibit is so arranged that visitors may go inside 
and examine at will the entire interior, the magazine, the method of 
supplying ammunition to the gun in time of war and various 
contrivances for efficiency of service when it is required. The 
other exhibits in the Ordnance Division, in charge of Lieutenant 
Godfrey L. Garden, R. C. S., may be outlined as follows : 

Arsenal equipment, consisting of tools and machinery for the manufacture of guns of various types. Armor plate, turret, belt and conning tower, 
including Krupp and Harveyized armor plates that have actually been fired at. Exhibits showing the adaptability to commercial uses of armor plates, 
such as for bank vaults, and the adaptability of breech blocks of guns for safe doors. Engineering equipment in the shape of bridge material and 
entrenching tools. Artillery exhibit, including rapid-fire field guns of various caliber, siege guns, howitzers, mountain guns, standard ship guns, naval 
landing guns, field mortars, military top guns, launch and life-line throwing guns, heavy naval guns mounted on land carriages after the method em- 
ployed by the British for transporting naval guns for field work in South Africa. Projectiles showing all forms of shell, both armor-piercing and com- 
mon, as manufactured in the United States to-day and representing the highest projectile efficiency in the world. Telescopic sights as adapted to use 





Grason Turret for Coast Defense. 

on siege and field guns, and on machine guns and small 
arms. Steel forgings for gun construction, shafting and 
machinery work ; machine tools used on hull work of battle- 
ships, cruisers and torpedo boats. Marine topics, including 
the latest ideas on bulk-head construction, water-tight doors, 
ammunition hoisting machinery and turret turning gear. A 
complete model, 35 feet long, for coaling ships at sea, and 
other marine contrivances of late origin, including a steam 
launch armed and equipped for patrol service. Small arms, including military rifles, revolvers and sporting arms from all the leading arms manufac- 
turers, such as the Winchesters, Colts, Smith & Wesson, Remington, Savage and LeFevre. Ammunition exhibit, including smokeless and sporting 
powders, loaded shells, cartridges, etc., for guns of all types. Machine guns using small arm ammunition, including Catling guns, Colt automatic 
guns, Gardner and Hotchkiss guns. Quartermaster's exhibit, including escort wagons, standard quartermaster's wagons and carts, ambulances, 
artillery harness, cavalry aid artillery saddles, bridles, boots, shoes, leggins, pack outfits, field ranges, tentage, barrack supplies and camp furniture. 
Commissary department, including food displays from nearly all houses of the United States making a specialty of supplying rations to military and 
naval forces. These exhibits will be arranged in a manner showing up-to-date methods of transporting supplies upon the backs of animals in moun- 
tainous countries. The hospital group will include hospital furniture, surgical supplies, and a model of surgical stations such as one might expect to 
find nearest the fighting line in time of battle. The naval architecture exhibit will include a model of a submarine boat of the Holland type. 

Twentieth Century Food Exhibit. 

One-fourth of the exhibit space in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building is devoted to the division of Foods and Their 
Accessories, under the superintendence of Frederic W. Taylor, with G. Edward Fuller in charge as assistant. Mr. Fuller has, 
for many years, made the subject of foods one of special study and research, and is responsible for much of the pure food agitation. 
He has traveled around the world, and sampled the foods of many countries and peoples. Under his expert direction a most 
interesting exhibit has been arranged. 

As a part of this exhibit Equatorial Pan-America is a realized dream of tropical trees, plants, vines, foliage and flowers too 
gorgeous for adequate description, which must be seen to be appreciated. This exhibit extraordinary consists of live trees, plants, 
vines and shrubs selected from plantations and botanical gardens of tropical Pan America, including allspice, pepper, cinnamon, 
cloves, nutmeg, ginger, a miniature coffee plantation, with kola, mate, vanilla, tonka, cacao (from which chocolate is made), sago 
and arrow-root. 

A large number of enterprising firms have unique and splendid exhibits. One booth, erected at a cost of $5,000, is a two-story 



colonial structure, where demonstrations of foods are given with 
particular generosity. Another is a life-sized wax group of a cow, 
maid and man, to illustrate the famous song, " Where are you going, 
my pretty fair maid?" Another concern has a very elaborate 
Dutch kitchen, with old-fashioned features and liberal demonstra- 
tions. A salmon-packing plant in miniature, a refrigerating plant 
operating in a car, a fine model of a packing plant, an elaborate 
booth made of coffee beans, a tower of glass cans, a palace of sweets 
made of candies, a spring of running water, a unique booth of 
totem poles, a booth in the form of a huge egg, and another in the 
form of a gigantic coffee pot, are among the novelties in this 
division. It is hoped and believed that the series of displays made 
by the Division of Foods and Their Accessories will be to a 
high degree trade-stimulating, serving to make friends for us 





SOUTH TOWERS MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION BUILPINO. 
PAN-AMLRICAN LXPOSmOISCO. 



amongst our sensitive and proud neighbors, while showing to 
our own capitalists that this vast field for development within 
our own home waters is too promising to be long neglected. 
The work of this division is designed to prove that the 
tropical countries of the Western Hemisphere are suited by 
nature to the growth in large quantities and in great varieties 
of the products now imported from the Far East, inasmuch as 
the climate, soil and even meterology and topography of 
tropical Pan-America are extremely similar to conditions in 
the East Indies, and some of the inter-tropical Pan-American 
products at our doors are decidedly superior to the same 
things grown in those far distant, alien lands. 




Chief of Meclianical and Electrical Bureau, By Maximilian Schwarzott, c 

Magnificent Lighting Features. 

People who expect to attend the Exposition should remember what Henry Rustin, 
chief of the Mechanical and Electrical Bureau, has promised them in the way of water and 
ight effects, in these words: "First, that the number of lights and the quantity of 
light exceed that of any other equal area ever artificially illuminated, and it is evenly dis- 
tributed ; second, that unusual spectacular effects are produced by the many combinations of 
light and water, and these combinations are so graded as to climax in keeping Avith the decorative 
lights at the Electric Tower ; third, that the Electric Tower basin is the stage of the display of a 
combination of i, 500,000 gallons of water per hour in fountains, with the light ©f 100 large-sized search- 
lights — a scene which is certainly impressive. ' ' The promise is abundantly fulfilled, for the illumination 
is by far Che most magnificent spectacle of the kind ever beheld. The searchlight that is operated from 
the top of the 360-foot level of the Electric Tower of the Pan-American Exposition was made by the 
General Electric Company. It was the intention of all who had anything to do with this projector to 

have it the most wonderful light of the kind ever exhibi- 
ted. As the Pan-American is intended to eclipse all other 
expositions in the electrical features especially, it is 
plain that this searchlight is one of the remarkable night 
effects. It has great penetrating powers, and when 
seen it will be easy for anyone to understand how 
serviceable such powerful lights have been found to be 

in revealing the hiding place of a concealed enemy in time of warfare. It is 
probable that up to this time the darkness of night and the sky have never been 
penetrated by such a strong ray of artificial light, it being visible at a distance 
of many miles. There is a glorious beauty about the grounds of the Pan- 
American Exposition when the several hundred thousand incandescent lamps 
are burning in their magnificent brilliancy. In deciding to illumine this vast 
area with incandescent lamps, it was recognized that this light had many 





advantageous features. As Mr. Rustin points out : "It can be burned in any position, at any angle, almost 
under any conditions, and is easily made a part of any sculptural, architectual, floral or even water effect " 

Largest Fountain Ever Constructed. 

Luther Steiringer, consulting electrical engineer, is authority for the statement that the Electric 
Fountain in the North Bay is the largest ever constructed, throwing its central stream to a height of 200 
feet. This fountain is illuminated by means of powerful electric lights. 

Beautiful Landscape Effects. 
Considering the fact that a year and a half prior to the opening of the Exposition, that part of it north 
of a line drawn east and west just north of the New York State Building was a field of heavy clay, splendid 
results have been secured. Rudolf Ulrich, the superintendent of landscape, has produced a wall of 
foliage around the grounds, long stretches of sodded banks and thrifty trees, green lawns and beds of 
brilliant flowers. These combine with gay fountains and splendid buildings to produce an exquisite and 
impressive picture in the mind of every visitor. 

Brilliant and Festive Interiors. 

The artistic color scheme does not end with the exteriors of the Exposition buildings. The same consideration for the 

appreciative eye is found within the graceful structures, where rich harmonies of 
many shades and tasteful decorative efl"ects entertain and delight the vision. 
Superb masses of color combine or contrast with the beautiful exhibits to produce 
everywhere a festival aspect. These elaborate decorations were planned and 
carried out by Miss Adelaide Thorpe, as assistant to Mr. Turner, director of color. 

More Than Half the States Participating. 

The largest State appropriation is that of New York — S3oO;Ooo — represented 
in the splendid permanent marble building and in the State exhibits in the several 






up, Fountain of Prometheus. 

divisions. The six New England States joined hands in a New England Building, 
— a large and handsome colonial structure, containing a general reception room and 
a room for each State. Illinois spent $75,000 upon her building and exhibits. 
The Michigan Building and exhibits cost ^40,000. The Ohio Building and 
exhibits represent an outlay of $30,000. Missouri expended $50,000 upon build- 
ing and exhibits. Washington's investment is $25,000, and her exhibits repre- 
sent her resources of timber and minerals. Wisconsin's handsome building and 
exhibits cost $25,000. The California fruit exhibits are the result of private 
enterprise on the part of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Oregon, Ala- 
bama, New Jersey and Maryland each expended $25,000 for their exhibits. Idaho 
is represented by exhibits costing $15,000. Pennsylvania's appropriation was 
$35,000 and Minnesota's $20,000. Nebraska and North Dakota made appropri- 
ations of $10,000 each. Other States represented by creditable exhibits in various divisions are Georgia, Kentucky, Delaware, 
Montana, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. 

Latin-American Countries. 

THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC appropriated $30,000, gold, for its exhibits at the Exposition, and occupies 1,500 square 
feet of space in the Forestry Building and 3,700 feet in the Agriculture Building. 

BOLIVIA has 2,400 square feet of space, distributed in the Agriculture, Mining and Ethnology Buildings. 

BRAZIL has estab- 
lished a Brazilian Faz- 
enda, in miniature, 
showing the cultivation 
of coffee, rubber and 
other products. She 
also occupies 500 square 
feet in the Agriculture 
Building. 



TT^TVT 



-fitt fi 




CHILE is making a magnificent showing, having appropriated for its 
representation at the Exposition the equivalent of ^170,000, gold. Its building 
cost $28,000, and the exhibit is very complete, showing the agricultural, forest 
and mineral resources of that progressive country. 

COLOMBIA, is represented by Senor Dr. Luis Cuervo-Marquez, special com- 
missioner, but has no exhibits other 
than those shown by individual 
exhibitors. 

COSTA RICA occupies 1,660 





square feet in the Horticulture, Forestry, Ethnology and other buildings, having 
some very interesting features. 

CUBA is represented by a commission of which Senor Don Perfecto Lacoste 
is chairman. The Cuban Building is a handsome structure, 150 by 275 feet, and 
cost $25,000. Cuba, on account of her nearness, has a special interest for many. 

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC is represented by Senor Don Francisco 
Leonte-Vazquez, special commissioner, and two other commissioners. This country 
has erected a special building, costing about $4,000. Her exhibits are very 
interesting. 

ECUADOR is represented by a special building, having appropriated 
$16,000 for this purpose. The exhibit contains many interesting things. 

GUATEMALA occupies about i, 100 square feet of exhibition space, in several 
buildings. The resources of this Central America country are well displayed. 

HAYTI makes a special exhibit of very interesting agricultural products. 

HONDURAS has a graceful building, costing about $6,000. Her principal 
exhibits are those of mines and forestry, in which she is especially rich. 

MEXICO has a two-story building, 40 by 60 feet, costing $5,000, containing 
only the mining exhibits from that country. Mexico also occupies space to the 



' THE DESPOTIC AGE " 
By Isidore Konti, 



amount of 3,000 square feet in the Agriculture Building, 2,000 feet in the Forestry, 
2,000 feet in the Horticulture, 3,000 feet in the Manufactures and 2,000 feet in 
the Ethnology Buildings. Mexico shows a wonderful advancement. 

NICARAGUA occupies important space in the Mining, Horticulture, Agri- 
culture and Ethnology Buildings, showing her boundless resources. 

PARAGUAY is not exhibiting officially, but Senor Don A. Rutis, Consul for 
Paraguay in Philadelphia, makes a private exhihit of Paraguayan products, brought 
from the Philadelphia Commerical Museum and the Smithsonian Institution. 

PORTO RICO is spending $10,000 upon her exhibits. A typical Porto Rican 
"Rancho," 24 by 78 feet, and 20 feet high, costing about $2,000, contains most 
of the exhibits from that productive island. About 1,200 square feet of space in 
the Agriculture Building is also occupied by Porto Rico. There is much interest 

in this island. 





PERU occupies space in the Agriculture, Manufactures, Forestry and Mines 
Buildings, having exhibits of special value. 

S.\LVADOR makes a good showing of her mineral, agricultural and forestry 
resources in about 2,000 square feet of space. 

URUGUAY and VENEZUELA are represented only by individual exhib- 
itors. Venezuela appropriated $100,000 for an exhibit, but political disturbances 
compelled an abandonment of the project. 

J.'\MAIC.\ is represented by the Agricultural Society, which has space in 
the Horticulture and Agriculture Buildings. 

MARTINIQUE and GUADALOUPE are represented by Mr. St. Croix 
de la Ronciera. 

It will be noted that 18 out of the 24 governments are represented in an 
active and official manner, seven of them constructing special buildings for their 
exhibits. The idea of a Pan-American Exposition is thus very forcibly realized. 



IS about Sioo.ooo up 
east of the Agricul 
many departments r 



CANADA 

n her exhibits. In addition to the handsome 
jre Building, iHustrated above, she is repre- 



Inscriptions of the Exposition. 



Upon the \irgervt ir\vita.tior\ of Director-General Bucha^rva^n, R.icha.rd WaLtson Gilder, editor of the Cervtury MaLgaLzirve, prepared the 
inscriptions for the va-riovis panels upon the prorrxinervt bviildings. They a^re as follows : 



Inscriptionsfor the Propylaea. 

Panel I. — " Here, by the Great Waters of the 
North are brought together the Peoples of 
the Two Americas, in Exposition of their 
Resources, Industries, Products, Inven- 
tions, Arts and Ideas." 

Pawif/^.— " That the Century now begun may 
unite in the bonds of Peace, Knowledge, 
Good Will, Friendship and Noble Emula- 
tion, all the Dwellers on the Continents and 
Islands of the New World." 

Inscriptions for the Stadium. 

Panel i. — " Not Ignoble are the Days of Peace, 
not without Courage and Laureled Vic- 
tories." 

Panel 2. — " He who Fails Bravely has Not Truly 
Failed, but is Himself also a Conqueror." 

Panel 2- — " Who Shuns the Dust and Sweat of 
the Contest, on His Brow Falls Not the 
Cool Shade of the Olive." 

Inscriptions for the Great Pylons of the 
Bridge. 

On the Pylons are statues of Courage, Liberty, Tolerance, 
Truth, Benevolence, Patriotism, Hosoitalitv and 
Justice. 
Patiel I. — ''The Spirit of Adventure is the 

Maker of Commonwealths." 
Panels. — "Freedom is but the First Lesson 

in Self-Government." 
Panel J. — " Religious Tolerance a Safeguard 
of Civil Liberty." 



Panel 4. — " A Free State Exists Only in the 

Virtue of the Citizen." 
Panel J. — "Who Gives Wisely Builds Man- 
hood and the State — Who Gives Himself 

Gives Best." 
Panel 6. — To Love One's Country Above All 

Others is Not to Despise All Others." 
Panel J. — "The Brotherhood of Man — The 

Federation of Nations — The Peace of the 

World." 
Panels. — "Between Nation and Nation, as 

between Man and Man, Lives the One Law 

of Right." 

Dedicatory Inscriptions. 

Panel I. — Agriculture Building. " To the An- 
cient Races of America, for whom the New 
World was the Old, that their love of 
Freedom and of Nature, their Hardy 
Courage, their Monuments, Arts, Legends 
and Strange Songs may not perish from the 
Earth." 

Panel 2. — Manufactures and Liberal Arts. " To 
the Explorers and Pioneers who blazed the 
Westward Path of Civilization, to the 
Soldiers and Sailors who fought for Free- 
dom and for Peace, and to the Civic Heroes 
who saved a Priceless Heritage." 

Panel J. — Machinery and Transportation Build- 
ing. " To the great Inventors and far- 
seeing Projectors, to the Engineers, Manu- 
facturers, Agriculturists and Merchants who 



have Developed the Resources of the New 
World, and Multiplied the Homes of Free- 
men. 

Panel 4. — Machinery and Transportation. "To 
those who, in the Deadly Wine, on Stormy 
Seas, in the Fierce Breath of the Fur- 
nace and in all Perilous Places, work 
ceaselessly to bring their Fellowmen 
Comfort, Sustenance and the Grace of Life." 

Panel j. — Agriculture Building. " To the 
Scholars and Laborious Investigators who, 
in the Old World and the New, Guard the 
Lamp of Knowledge and. Century by Cent- 
ury, Increase the Safety of Life, Enlighten 
the Mind and Enlarge the Spirit of Man." 

Panel 6. — Electricity Building. "To those Paint- 
ers, Sculptors and Architects, Tellers of 
Tales, Poets and Creators of Music, to 
those Actors and Musicians who in the New 
World have Cherished and Increased the 
Love of Beauty." 

Panel y. — Mamifactures atid Liberal Arts. "To 
the Prophets and Heroes, to the Mighty 
Poets and Divine Artists, and to all the 
Lightbearers of the Ancient World who 
Inspired our Forefathers and Shall Lead 
and Enlighten our Children's Children." 

Panel S.— Electricity Building. " To the States- 
men, Philosophers, Teachers and Preachers, 
and to all those who, in the New World, 
have Upheld the Ideals of Liberty and 
Justice, and have been Faithful to the 
Things that are Eternal." 



Decorative Sculpture, Temple of Music. 



Bands at the Exposition. 

An elaborate program of band music has been arranged, to continue throughout the season. From the beautiful 
band stands on the Plaza and Esplanade concerts are given during each day and evening of the entire six 
months of the Exposition. Every band engaged has won distinction, and several of them have a world-wide reputa- 
tion. Following is a list, to which others will be added : 



Mexican Artillery Band, 50 men, Capt. Ricardo Pacbeco, 
director. This band accompanies the detachment of 
Rurales under command of Capt. Samuel Garcia 




Cuellar, sent by the Mexican Government as 

a courtesy to the people of the United States. 

May 12 to about June 20. 
74th Regiment Band, Buffalo, 35 men, May 1 to 

July 31. 
65th Regiment Band, Buffalo, 35 men. May 1 to 

July 31. 
71st Regiment Band, New York, 45 men. May 6 to 

June 2. 
13th Band of Hamilton, 40 men, June 3 to 9. 
Sousa's Band, New York, 50 men, June 10 to July 7. 
Elgin Band, Elgin, 111., 50 men, July 8 to Aug. 4. 
Scinta's Band, Buffalo, 35 men, July 29 to Aug. 25. 
Carlisle Indian Band, Carlisle, Pa., 40 men, July 

29 to Aug. 25. 
Ithaca Baud, Ithaca, 35 men, Aug. 5 to 11. 




48th Highlanders, Toronto, 40 men, 

Aug. 26 to Sept. 1. 
Salem Cadet Band, Salem, Mass., 45 men, Sept. 2 

to 15. 
Brooke's Band, Chicago, 46 men, Sept. 9 to Oct. 6. 
Boston Ladies Band, Boston, 30 ladies, Sept. 16 to 29 
19th Regiment Band, St. Catharines, 45 men, Sept. 

16 to 21. 
Phinney's Band, Chicago, 45 men, Aug. 5 to 25. 
Victor Herbert's Orchestra, Pittsburg, 60 men, 

Oct. 7 to 20. 
Innes Band, New York City, 49 men, Oct. 7 to 20. 
Robertson's Band, Albany, 40 men, Aug. 26 to 31. 
Lund's Orchestra, Buffalo, 50 men, Aug. 12 to 

Sept. 8. 
Porto Rican String Band, 20 pieces, two months. 



Organ Music at tine Exposition. 

Daily recitals are given in the Temple of Music by prominent organists, 
the list of those engaged representing nearly every prominent musical center in 
the United States and Canada. The list here given contains many dis- 
tinguished names : 



Mav 1-19—1. V. Flagler, Auburn, N. Y. ; C. P. 
"Garratt, Hamilton, Ont. ; N. H. Allen, Hart- 
ford, Conn. ; "Wenham Smith, Newark, N. J. ; 
Gerritt Smith, New York City. 

May 20-22— Frederic Archer, Pittsburg, Pa. 

May 2.'?-25— W. E. Fairelough, Toronto, Canada. 

May 28-30— W. C. Hammond, Holvoke, Mas£. 

May 31-June 1— W. P. Stanley, Brooklyn, N. Y. 



June 2-6— H. J. Stewart. San Francisco. 
June 7-8— Russell K. Miller, Philadelphia, Pa. 
June 9-12-Richard T. Percy. New York City. 
June 13-16 — J. Frank Donahoe, Boston, Mass. 
June 17-19— E. Russell Sanborn, Boston. Mass. 
June 20-'22— Gustave Frese, Louisville, Kv. 
June 28-25-Chas. E. Clemens. Cleveland, O. 
June 26-27— Henry Houseley. Denver, Colo. 



June 28-30— Harrison M. Wild, Chicago. 

July 1-2-Albert Jordan, Brantford, Canada. 

July 3-6— Louis Falk, Chicago, 111. 

July 7-9— Archer Gibson, Baltimore, Md. 

July 10-11— F. W. Relsberg, New York City. 

July 12-14- William Reed, Quebec, Can. 

July 15-17— Frank H. Simms, New Orleans, La. 

July 18-20— Francis L. York. Detroit, Mich. 

July 21-23- J. D. Dussault, Montreal, Can. 

July 24-25— S. D. Gushing, Toledo, O. 

July 26-28— Mrs. Marv C. Fisher, Rochester, N. Y. 

July 29— Geo. B. Carter, Delaware, O. 

July 30-W. H. Hewlett, London, Out. 

July 31— Ferdinand Dunkley, Ashville, N. C. 

Aug. 1-3— Hamlin H. Hunt, Minneapolis. 

Aug. 4-6— Chas. Gallowav, St. Louis, Mo. 

Aug. 7-8— A. Ray Tyler, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Aug. 9— Wm. C. Schwartz, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Aug. 10— Benjamin J. Lang, Boston, Mass. 

Aug. 12-14-Sumner Salter, Ithaca, N. \'. 

Aug. 15-16— R. H. H. Clarke, Meriden, Conn. 

Aug. 18-20— W. S. Sterling, Cincinnati, 0. 

Aug. 21 22— Miss Emma L. Maynard, Gary, S. D. 

Aug. 23-25— Arthur Bernier, Quebec, Can. 

Aug 27-28- Walter Heatou. Reading, Pa. 

Aug. 29-31— Henry Gordon Thunder, Philadelphia. 

Sept. 2-1 — Gaston M. Dethier, New Y'ork City. 

Sept. 6-8— Everett E. Truette, Boston, Mass. 

Sept. 9— Harry L. Vibbard, Syracuse, N. Y. 

Sept. M-ll— Samuel P. Warren, New York Citv. 

Sept. 12-13— Miss Gertrude Sans-Souci, St. Paul, Minn. 

Sept. 14— Harry J. Zehm, Harrisburg, Pa. 

Sept. 18-19— Thomas Radcliffe, Salt Lake City, Utah. 

Sept. 20— Henry B. Vincent, Erie, Pa. 

Sept. 21-22— Herve D. Wilkins, Rochester, N. Y. 

Sept. 23— C. A. Stein, Trov, N. Y. 



Special Days at the Exposition. 

During the Exposition there will be many special days. These will be char- 
acterized in many instances by elaborate ceremonies. Following are some of the 
principal ones and others will be announced as the season advances : 



May 1— Opening Day. 

May 20— Dedication Day. 

June 6— Hotel Men's Day. 

June 12— Coal Men's Day. 

June 13— President's Day. 

June 14 -Flag Day. 

June 17— Daughters of American Revolution Day. 

June 18— Wells College Day. 

June 19-A. O. U. W. Day. 

June 20— Connecticut Day. 

June 21 — Rochester Day. 

June 24 to 29— Saengerfest. 

June 26-Odd Fellows' Day. 

June 27— Odd Fellows' Day. 

June 27-Volksfest (evening). 

June 28— Cincinnati Day. 

June 29— Philadelphia Day. 

July 2— Wellesley College Day. 

July 4— Independence Day. 

July 5— Liederkranz Day. 

July 10— Maryland Day. 

July U— Commercial Travelers' Day. 

July 16— Chautauqua Day. 



July 18— Ohio Day. 

July23— C. M. B. A. Day. 

July 24— Knights of Columbus Day and Utah Day. 

July 25 — Scandinavian Day and Porto Rico Day. 

August 1— Mystic Shriners"' Day. 

August 10— Missouri Day. 

August 14 — Virginia Day. 

August 15— Red Men's Day. 

August 21— Louisiana Day. 

August 22 — Electrical Day. 

August 26— Municipal Day. 

Sept. 3— District of Columbia Day. 

Sept. 6— National Associationof Stationary Engineers 

Sept. 10— Rhode Island Day. 

Sept. 12 -Polish Day. 

Sept. 16 — Mexican Day. 

Sept. 17— G. A. R. Day. 

Sept. 19— Welsh Day. 

Sept. 20— St. Catharines Day. 

Sept. 25— Oregon Day. 

Oct. 8— Brooklyn Day. 

Oct. 9— New York Federation of Women's Clubs. 

Oct. 10— National Grange Day. 



Sept. 24-25— J. B. Tipton, Albany, N. Y. 
Sept. 26-27— H. R. Woodman, Brooklyn, N. Y'. 
Sept. 29-30— Miss Fannie M. Spencer, New York City. 
Oct. 1— Johu P. Lawrence. Washington, D. C. 
Oct. 2-3 -W. H. Donley, Indianapolis, Ind. 
Oct. 4-6 — Harry B. Jepson, New Haven, Conn. 
Oct. 7-8— Miss lone B. Riddell, Cincinnati, O. 
Oct 10-12— William C. Carl, New York City. 
Oct. 13-16— Clarence Eddy, New Y'ork City. 
Oct. 17-18- Harry Rowe Shelley, New York City. 
Oct. 21-23— N. J. Corey, Detroit, Mich. 
Oct. 27-29— William B. Colson, Cleveland, O. 

BUFFALO ORGANISTS— William J. Gomph, offi- 
cial organist ; Andrew T. Webster, Will S. Jarrett. 
Henry S. Hendy, Seth C. Clark, Miss Mary McConuell 
and Ulysses Thomas. 



"RELIGIOUS MUSIC," 
on the Temple of Music. By Isidore Konti. 




Other Featvires Not To Be Missed. 



Luther Steiringer, who has th-e credit of originating much of the 
electrical and fountain display at the Exposition, is also the personal rep- 
resentative of Thomas A. Edison here. Speaking of Edison's new stor- 
age battery, which is shown in the Electricity Building, Mr. Steiringer 
says: "It is a revolution. It weighs less than half the present storage 
battery, can be charged at any voltage and does not require renewal. 
The great possibilities of this battery in automobile construction alone 
are beyond estimate." 

The Exposition furnishes the first opportunity to thousands of people 
to examine the system of wireless telegraphy. There are two exhibits of 
this character — one in the Electricity Building and another in the United 
States War Department exhibit. Messages are sent to and from Fort 
Porter, about three miles away, by the wireless method. 

In the Ethnology Building may be seen a map, 20 feet long by 14 
feet wide, showing the distribution of aboriginal languages on the Amer- 
ican continent. Upon another map, 5 by 10 feet, incandescent lamps 
show the location of 80 Indian villages and camp sites on the Niagara 
frontier. 

Ohio mounds have yielded much valuable information concerning 
the prehistoric people. Skeletons, weapons, implements and other 
curios, and a stone grave from Ohio, are among the exhibits in the 
Ethnology Building. 

The Cuban Building has a central place among the State and Foreign 
Buildings. Its architecture is characteristic of the island, with a Tower 
of Havana as a conspicuous feature. The exhibits, gathered from all 
parts of the island, illustrate the great variety and surprising value of 
the resources of that island country. They show to some extent the 
opportunities for the investment of capital, with promise of liberal return, 
in plantations, mines and manufacturing enterprises. The Cuban com- 
missioners also have their offices in this building. 



The scientific exhibit prepared by Frederic J. H. Merrill, New York 
State geologist and director of the State Museum, is displayed in the 
Mines Building. It shows the mineral resources of New York State, 
which are far greater than is commonly supposed. The manufacture of 
gypsum into wall plaster — a new industry — gives special interest to the 
quarries producing this kind of rock. The plaster on the Exposition 
buildings and used in the statuary is largely New York State gypsum. 

Among the special exhibits in the Ethnology Building are models of 
cliff dwellings, a large map of Hiawatha country, relics of the Seneca 
Indians during the transition period when both the stone-age and Euro- 
pean implements were in use; Art Gallery of Indian portraits and com- 
positions, illustrating aboriginal life ; phonograph grand, reproducing 
Indian songs, speeches and legends; and exhibits illustrating the archae- 
ology of Canada, Mexico, Central and South America, and various por- 
tions of the United States. 

A model sick bay — the hospital of a battleship — constitutes a feature 
of the Navy Department exhibit in the main Government Building. It 
was arranged under direction of Naval Constructor William J. Baxter. 

The illumination of Niagara Falls by searchlight is a feature of the 
present season. The falling waters, under the changing colors of 
powerful electric projectors, produce an impressive spectacle. 

It is entirely proper that the first important display of acetylene gas 
apparatus should be made so near the source of supply of carbide, the 
substance which, when brought into contact with water, produces this 
powerful illuminant. The Acetylene Building is a center of interest for 
many. 

Prof. Stuart Culin's exhibit from the University of Pennsylvania, 
in the Ethnology Building, portrays the games of skill and chance 
played by the aborigines of Florida. The relics are largely from mounds 
in Florida. 



Prof. W. J. McGee, of the Bureau of Ethnology at Washington, 
exhibits his studies of trephining among the early Peruvians. A large 
cabinet of trephined skulls tells a story of surgical expertness with flint 
instruments in prehistoric times. 

The Government Forestry exhibit, under supervision of Gifford Pin- 
chot, has the merit of newness as well as that of exhaustively treating 
the subject of forestry. A part of the exhibit was at Paris. 

The electric fountain in the North Bay, opposite the New York State 
Building, and the great cascade and fountains in front of the Electric 
Tower, are brilliantly illuminated by hidden lights. The effect is rich 
and beautiful — indeed, a novelty such as no pen can attempt to depict. 

Forty manufacturers are represented in the great automobile exhibit 
in the north part of the Machinery and Transportation Building. 

An interesting pumping plant of great capacity — 35,000 gallons of 
water per minute — is arranged in the central court of the Machinery and 
Transportation Building, to supply water to the cascades and fountains of 
the Electric Tower. 

Canada makes a large display of minerals. Her resources in metal- 
liferous deposits and her wealth of rich quarries pass all comprehension. 

A walk through the Horticulture Building convinces one of the 
sublime enterprise of Southern California. The Los Angeles Chamber 
of Commerce loses no opportunity to let the world know of the boundless 
resources of the Land of Sunshine, in the production of wealth, health 
and happiness. 

The Knights and Ladies of the Maccabees, with much forethought 
and enterprise, were early in erecting a suitable building to be used for 
the reception and headquarters of members of the Order while visiting 
the Exposition. It is a pretty structure, south of the Government 
Buildings. 

Among the objects of interest in the Patent Office exhibit, in the 
Government Building, in charge of Walter H. Chamberlin, are a number 



of machines and appliances of recent invention, including talking 
machines ; machines that automatically reproduce a man's handwriting 
at distant points; machines for reproducing a photograph at a distant 
place ; a sectional model of a carborundum furnace ; latest harvesting 
machinery ; linotype and monotype machines ; the radiophone, by which 
articulate speech is transmitted by rays of light ; a paper-making machine ; 
a Welsbach burner using an oil flame ; and many others equally 
interesting. 

The Ancient Order of United Workmen are here with a handsome 
pavilion, 40 by 50 feet, the entire upper floor being a balcony from which 
interesting views are obtainable in all directions. Here are reception 
and resting rooms, and a Bureau of Information for the use of members 
of the Order. 

The exhibit of the National Museum', under Dr. F. W. True, in the 
Government Building, is divided into three great groups: Anthropology, 
zoology and geology. A remarkable collection of relics of ancient people, 
the remains of animals and specimens of rocks has been brought together, 
and will repay many hours of study. 

In the exhibit of the State Department, in the Government Build- 
ing, may be seen the original draft of the Declaration of Independence, 
written by Thomas Jefferson, with interlineations in the handwriting of 
John Adams and Benjamin Franklin, with the old-fashioned desk on 
which Jefferson wrote it. Many relics of George Washington are dis- 
played, among them a quaint pair of eye-glasses given him by Lafayette 
and the sword which Washington wore during the Revolution — the same 
old blade which he unsheathed when he took command of the army and 
dedicated to the services of his country. Many historic swords are 
exhibited. Another object of interest is a silk flag, woven in one piece 
and presented to the United States by 25,0:0 weavers of Lyons. France, 
as an expression of their sympathy at the time Lincoln was murdered. 
Letters from Napoleon Bonaparte and other kings, queens and notables, 
are shown where all may see them. 



DECORATIVE FRIEZE BY OSCAR L. LENZ, ON TRIUMPHAL CAUSEWAY. THE FRIEZE ILLUSTRATES ' 
i8J^ feet high and the theme is treated in the Greek style. It represents patriots starting forth to defend their fatherland in respons 



PATRIOTISM." 

,_ „ . . 1 „ . ■ to the trumpet call of a Victory. 

The relief is eminently decorative. The classic severity of line corresponds to the general architectural style of the bridge, and vigorous, tense action shows the virility of the 
figures and gives dash to the entire panel. The faintly defined cvu-ve formed by the poses of the group suggests the spring of a bridge arch. A gradual increase of motion is indicated 
by the sculptor's conception and treatment of his figures, beginning with a patriarch, in an attitude of dignity and repose, who bestows his blessing upon the departing warriors, and 
culminating in a Victory in wind-blown robes, who sounds inspiring notes from her trumpet. 



A similar panel is placed over the 



I each towe 



, feet from the ground. The horses drawing the chariot are directly over the doors by which the towers ; 



itered. 



Builders of the Exposition. 

Never was an exposition more completely an enterprise of the people than this. Nearly 12,000 citizens of Buffalo became 
subscribers to the stock. They represent every walk of life — merchants and bankers, their clerks and book-keepers ; manufac- 
turers and their operatives ; railroad corporations and their employees ; lawyers, brokers, capitalists and laborers. The citizens 
of Buffalo and the railroads centering here have supplied the funds. 

In order that architectural harmony might be secured, a Board of Architects was elected, composed as follows : John M. 
Carrere, chairman ; George F. Shepley, R. S. Peabody, Walter Cook, John Galen Howard, George Gary, Edward B. Green, 
August C. Esenwein. Director of color, Charles Y. Turner; director of sculpture, Karl Bitter. 

Newcomb Carlton, as director of works, saw the first clay upturned and remained with his task night and day till 

the unattractive landscape which lay north of the Park had been transformed to a garden of unsurpassed beauty, set 

with the richest of architectural gems. All the buildings were constructed within a year, the first timbers being raised 

June 4, 1900. The landscape effects were planned and completed under the superintendence of Rudolf Ulrich. 

J. H. Murphy had the superintendence of building construction. Samuel J. Fields performed the work of chief 

engineer. Henry Weatherwax was chief draughtsman. 

Newcomb Carlton, Director of Works. 




BeaLUtiful BuffaLlo 

aLfid Some of Her CIa>.inis to Distinction. 

" You Buffalo people don't brag enough," said a Chicago young lady. 
"You don't tell enough about the beautiful city you have. " I, therefore, 
throw modesty to the winds and hope I may say what the best of our citizens 
think about Buffalo. I will also inject a few figures, to give body to my re- 
marks. Buffalo is the eighth city in size in the United States — big enough 
to take care of itself in most affairs. The actual population, according to the 
last census, is 352,387, but we prefer to say4oo,ooo because it sounds bigger 
and makes up for possible errors in the census. The situation of the city is 
at the eastern extremity of Lake Erie, where the waters break into a run for 
Ontario, by way of Grand Island and Niagara Falls. Buffalo plays short- 
stop for the winds of the lake, which temper the summer climate to such an 
extent as to make it one of the most delightful summer cities of the world. 
Hence the even temper of our people, which I am sure will express itself 
in their hospitality toward visitors during the Exposition season. I shall 
charge any inhospitable action to strangers sojourning here in the role of 
hosts simply to make money and having no pride in the good name of the city. 

I also give warning that I shall minimize or pass over any defects in 
Buffalo; preferring that, if you wish to find them out, you do so by your 
own efforts. I confess ignorance of them. I have long observed that 
those looking for trouble, in any city, find it, and those who follow the 
path of rectitude rarely get into difficulty. Permit me, then, to quote 
you only the important facts concerning the city, to show you the 
beautiful features of a great town, and to guide you to this and that object 
of real interest. 

" HOSPITALITY," on Triumphal Bridge. 




Birdseye View Northwest from EUicott Square. 

Some Features of Buffalo. 

The limits of Buffalo contain 42 square miles, or about 25,- 
000 acres, and the city is approximately five miles wide and eight 
miles long. Here and there it has spread beyond its boundaries. 
No city ever had a more favorable site. It is upon a great plain, 
\\'here there is abundant room to grow without serious crowding, 
and there are no hills to interfere with traffic. 

While some parts of Buffalo are closely built, the outlying 
sections have shady streets and bright lawns, and the color of 
flowers is everywhere to be seen. 

The city is one of the most healthful, having an abundant 
supply of pure water from Lake Erie, and some 225 miles of 
smooth asphalt pavement, which is recognized as having a 
sanitary value in making unnecessary and unlikely the accum- 
ulation of matter deleterious to health. 

There are enough histories of Buffalo, for present use, in the 
libraries, so I refer you to those for details and content myself 
with a very brief narration. The city was founded by Joseph 
EUicott, agent of the Holland Land Company, in 1801, and the Pan-American Exposition is in part a celebration of the centennial 
of that most interesting event. The place became a military post in 1812, and was burned by the British in 1814. It was rebuilt 
at the close of the war and was chartered as a city in 1832. 

The city has a frontage of about 8 miles upon Lake Erie and the Niagara River, 
and a great harbor is formed by a new breakwater recently built by the United 
States Government at a cost of $4,000,000. Buffalo Creek and its branches 
form an extensive inner harbor, upon which the great elevators, ship and lumber 
yards, coal trestles, ore docks and other paraphernalia of marine commerce 
have been constructed at the cost of many millions of dollars. One may have a 

\ Bit of Buffalo Harbor. 






One of the Forty Big Grain Elevators of Buffalo. 



glimpse of the harbor activity by going to the foot of Main Street. The city has more than 
i,ooo acres of beautiful parks connected by parkways and broad avenues, forming a complete system 
and affording more than 25 miles of park driveways. 

Prominent Buildings. 

The principal large buildings of the city are : The new Federal Building, costing $2,500,000; 
City and County Hall, costing an 
equal amount ; the 74th Regi- 
ment Armory, costing $750,- 
000 ; Ellicott Square, the largest 



office building in the world, 
built upon the site of the home 
of Joseph Ellicott, founder of 
the city, costing ^3,350,000 ; 
the Guaranty Building, the D. S. Morgan Building, Erie 
County Savings Bank, Mutual Life Building, Mooney & Bris- 
bane Building, Buffalo Savings Bank, Masonic Temple, Dun 
Building, and others. These are all in the heart of the city. 
The construction of fine apartment houses has been in pro- 
gress several years, and the city now has many of these com- 
munity buildings, which contain every wished-for convenience 
that money and ingenuity can provide. 

Buffalo has 60 public schools, many of them very large 
buildings of the finest type of school-house construction. 
Masten Park High School is one of the newest and noblest 
of these. The State Normal School, University of Buffalo, 
Canisius College and Buffalo Seminary are also noteworthy. 



New Federal Building ; 



: S2,Soo,c 




«"'*-,i,5 ■"('III 333 .P '1 11- 





Erie County Savings Bank 



Excursions by Trolley. 

The entire street- car system of Buffalo and nearly all the suburban lines are under the 
control of one organization, the International Traction Company. One five-cent fare pays 
for a ride from one point to any other point, however remote, within the city. Where 
the service is not direct, as many free transfers are given as are necessary for the passenger 
to reach his destination by the most direct route. This company has 325 miles of track 
and 735 cars, requiring 8,500 horse-power 
(most of it transmitted electrically from 
Niagara Falls) to operate them Surplus 
Q" ~^W^^t WI^M ^^* E^-fl^^ power, generated during the hours when 
BE I SHH^BHj WE^ C-lSiOa traffic is less active, is stored by means 

of electrical accumulators for use during 
the morning and evening, when the de- 
mands are heavy. A double track electric line extends from Buffalo, via Niagara 
and Tonawanda Streets and the Military Road, Tonawanda, North Tonawanda and 
La Salle, to Niagara Falls, and across the bridge to Chippewa and Queenston. 
The trip may also be taken by the Great Gorge Route from Niagara Falls to Lewis- 
ton, thence to Youngstown and Fort Niagara at the mouth of Niagara River on 
Lake Ontario. Buffalo to Niagara Falls and return, 50 cents. 

Lockport and Olcott (on Lake Ontario) may be reached by way of the 
Niagara Falls line to North Tonawanda, where the .line branches to Lockport. 

AVilliamsville may be reached via the Main 
Street cars to city line, transferring to the Williams- 

ville cars. Hamburg cars connect with the Bailey and South Park Avenue cars at Limestone Hill. 
Lancaster and Depew may be reached by way of the Broadway line. 

Boats of the International Navigation Company make regular trips between Ferry Street, 
Buffalo, and Niagara Falls. A boat and rail belt-line ticket affords a trip of delightful variety. 

Lafayette Park, Buffalo. 





Convention Hall, Cor. Elmwood Ave. and Virgii 




Buffalo Public Library. 

Steam Railways and Stations. 

Buffalo is midway between New York and Chicago, 
and is generally regarded as the greatest railway center 
of the world. The passenger service consists of about 
250 trains daily. Many important railway systems have 
their terminals here and their stations are situated as fol- 
lows : Lackawanna, foot of Main Street. Erie, corner 
of Michigan and Exchange Streets ; the Nickel Plate 
and Wabash Railways also use this station. Grand 
Trunk, 157 Erie Street, corner Erie Canal, two trains 
daily via International Bridge, the other trains using the 
Lehigh Valley Station, 119 Washington Street. Lehigh 
Valley, 119 Washington Street, near Scott Street, also 
used by the Grand Trunk. New York Central, 121 



Exchange Street, Union Station for : New York Central main lines ; New York Central 
Belt Line around city ; Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg ; Canadian Pacific ; Lake Shore & 
Michigan Southern ; Michigan Central ; Northern Central ; Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo ; 
Western New York & Pennsylvania, and West Shore. 

Distances by Rail to Various Cities. 

The convenience of Buffalo as an exposition city is shown by the following statement 
of distances from Buffalo to several important centers : Rochester, 70 miles ; Syracuse, 
151: Watertown, 226 ; Utica, 204 ; Albany, 298 ; Boston, 499 ; New York, 443 ; Balti- 
more, 400; Philadelphia, 446; Harrisburg, 318; Elmira, 146; Binghamton, 203; 
Washington, 440; Pittsburg, 236; Cincinnati, 427; Columbus, 321; Cleveland, 183: 
New Orleans, 988; St. Louis, 727; Omaha, 1005; Denver, 1584; Kansas City, 1003; 
St. Paul, 910; Milwaukee, 601; Chicago, 537; Detroit, 231 ; Indianapolis, 466; Port 
Huron, 200; Toronto, 105 ; Erie, Pa., 89. 

City and County HM. 




RESTING BUFFALOES," an Idyl of the Prairie. 



Buffalo Objects of 
Interest. 

Slasonic Temple — 11 Niagara Street. 
Cazenuvia I'ark— 76 acres ; Seneca Street Cars, 
Humboldt Park-56 acres ; Best Street Cars. 
Zoological (iardens — Delaware Park ; Zoo Cars, 

Main Street Line. 
Soldiers* and Sailors' Slonument — Lafayette 

Square, Main Street. 
Woman's Ediic.ilional and Industrial Union- 
Niagara Square. 
University of KulTalo-Higlt Street, near Main ; 

Main Street Cars. 
UuBalo Stale Hospital— Forest Avenue; Elm- 
wood Avenue Cars. 
Board of Trade (Slerebants' Exchange)— Corner 

Seneca and Pearl Streets. 
Grosvenor Free Reference Library— Cor. Edward 

and Franklin Streets ; Main Street Cars. 
City and County Hall— Cor. Franklin and TVest 

Eagle Streets. 
Fort Porter and The Front— Niagara Street Cars 

to Porter Avenue. 
South Park- 155 acres : fine botanical d 

Bailey Avenue Cars. 
Forest Liiwn Cemetery— Red Jacket Men 

Main Street Cars to Forest Avenue Lii 
Hasten Park Hi[;h School- Main Street I 

North Street. 
Crystal Beach— North shore of Lake Fr 

miles from Buflfalo ; frequent daih li 

Woodlawn Beach—South shore of Lake Fne m\ 

miles from Buffalo; reached bj steamboat and 

trolley line. 
Buffalo Free Library, Art Gallery and Histor, 

leal Society-Washington Street and Broal 

way. 
Delaware Park— 362 acres, of which ; 



Some Current 





Statistics of 






and North Division Streets. Cost 


Buffalo. 


Ellicott Square-Office Building, covers 








Street. Cost, site and building, 


Populatlon-cCensus 1900) 352,387. 




Area of City— 42.89 square miles. 


City Water Works-Front Avenue near 


Acreage of City-25,343>i. 


Niagara Street. Entire pumping 


Local Tai Rate-?18.2186 on valuation 


plant has a capacity of 187,000,000 


of $1,000. 






is pumped from Lake Erie to a 


of the very best. 


large distribuling reservoir on Best 


Railroads— Including branch lines, 28, 


Street, between Masten and Jeffer- 




son, and the supply is pure and 


nearly 700 miles of trackage within 










Buffalo Historical Society Library 

- 25,000 volumes. 
Natural Gas— Piped from Canada, 

Erie County wells. 
Police Department- 783 men. 
Fire Department— 490 men. 
Customs Keceipts— 5687,684,98 in 



Nlagar 



capacity 
ake, in 19 



New Armory, 74th Reg 

Buffalo Theaters 



Grain Heceipts— By I 

were 214,971,364 1 
Coal Trestle— Largest in the 

mile long. 
Coal Kecelpls-By rail, 

1899. 3,055,952 tons. 
Coal Shipments-By lake 



The Star— Mohawk and Pearl Streets. 
The Teck— Main and Edward Streets. 
The Lyceum -Washington Street, near 

Broadway. 
Shea's Garden Theater— Pearl Street, 

near Niagara. 
Court Street Theater— Court Street, 

near Pearl. 
Wonderland— Main Street, near Sen- 



Street Railwa.vs— 325 miles, including 

suburban lines. 
Public Schools— 64; about 100 other 

Parks-1,065 acres, embracing 7 parks, 
25 miles of park driveways, and 
numerous minor greenswards and 
gardens. 



in the world. 
e Stock-Horses, c! 
and hogs, about 9,G 



Paved Streets— 340 miles, of wh 

asphalt than any city in the 
Churches -187. 
Hospitals and Infirmaries— 26. 



1 229 



Manufactories— 3, oOO, with 

100,000 operatives. 
Breakwater — Longest in tbt 

four miles long; cost S4,( 
Vessels Arrived— In 1900, 

tonnage, 5,341,128, 
Vessels Cleared— During 1! 

028 ; tonnage, 5,360,094 



,000 head 



Buffalo in practit 
limited quantities. 
Newspapers n * ' 

of which 11 are daily 



Outing Places. 



Falls, Lewiston and Niag- 
ara-on-the-lake— Reached bv 
Niagara River steamers, and 
steam and electric railroads. 

Ontario Beach, near Rochester— 
Via N..W York Central Railwar. 

Chautauqua Lake— Via M'estern 
New York & Pennsvlvaiiia 
Railroad 10 Mavville. 

CassadaL-a lake— Via Lake Shore, 
Nickel Plate or Western New 
York & Pennsylvania Roads 10 
Dunkirk, thence on .\lleganv 
Vallevline. 

Portaee Falls— Via Erie Railwar. 

Silver" Lake— Via Erie and Silver 
Lake Railroads. 

Conesus Lake— Via Erie Railway 



Lake Kcuka— 



Watkins Glen— Via 



Hotels. Etc. 

The hotel capacity of Buffalo has been vastly increased by the construction of many new ones. Many apartment houses have 
been remodeled into rooming houses, and about 7,000 private-house owners, who will open their houses, have registered with 
Superintendent W. D. Thayer of the Exposition Bureau of Information in EUicott Square. Mr. Tha}er estmiates that the 



city and suburbs can provide comfortable accommodations for 250,000 visitors daily, 
hotels, and their rates and capacity, all of them being on the European plan : 
Men and Women, Family Parties. Rate, $1.50 and up per day. 

Rate, $3.00 and up per day. 

NAME. LOCATION. CAPACITY. 

Iroquois— Main and Eagle Sts 1000 

Xf/ioa;— North near Delaware Ave 600 

Rate, $2.50 and up per day. 

Kew Tlffl Home-i&o Main St 550 

Rate, $2.00 to $3.00 per day, two in a 
room. 

J?Hcti'«(7/iaro— Allen and Mariner Sts 120 

Lincoln— liVa and Rhode Island Sts 220 

Rate, $2.00 and up per day. 

Genesee— Main and Genesee Sts 450 

iViagara— Porter, 7th and Front Ave 450 

Rate, $2.00 per day. 

Roanoke— lh& West Chippewa St 300 



Winona— 'Aii West Ave. 
Albemarle— 3 i^r^vy and West Ave. 
AMand Col(mial—10<) Ashland Av 
Aberdeen — .lersev and West Ave. 
Bockford-Un Main St 



NAME. LOCATION. CAPACITY. 

t'fdorta -Niagara. Eagle and Franklin Sts. . .400 

Mansion House — Main and Exchange Sts 350 

The Allen-2-lr,. 227 Allen St 150 

T/ie -Ko^fi^A— 352 Franklin Si 300 

The Etmhurst—FoKHt and Lincoln Parkway . . 350 
Rate, $1.50 per day. 

T OS.': ffou.se-ggg Wllliam St 100 

Brainnrd House— V'Sd William St 150 

Slock E.rrhnn(je—um William St 100 

rnr?/o«— Exchange and Washington Sts 225 

ieo6/nso)i— Eagle and Washington Sts 175 

PfVf/joiH/ -59 Wliitni'v Place 100 

JS'orthland-SSo, 387 Ellicott St 2oO 

Rate, $1.00 and up per day. 

Kenibonrth—'Elmwood Ave. and Anderson Place.300 

T/ifJln?!ex -Swan and Pearl Sts 200 

Twentieth Century — Amherst and Delaware Ave 150 

j4(cnja)-— Amherst, near Delaware Ave 500 

Columbia- Seneca and Wells Sts 800 

Epworlh Cottage — Ledger St. , near Hertel Ave. . 80 

Gi()6s-1005-1021 Elinw 1 Ave 1000 

Part-Amherst iiiid Ii..'l;iu;ire Ave 1000 

H'omed's C/irfs/iVi// J.--- „-jr,(,-j7ii(irote St. . . . 300 
J^Of;tes -Court ami IVarl .sts 300 



Followinar are the names of some of the 



Rate, $1.00 and up per day. 

NAME. LOCATION. CAP. 

jlnste//)— 1067-1073 Grant St 

Zrnobia—lti. 18 Prospect Ave 

Cornell— liW Main St 

^rii'nc/toi -Exchange and Wells Sts. . . . 

Riiasell i/oHse— 39-13 Swan St 

PHS.seii- 42 Niagara St 

/n'i'».y^0H— 351 Washington St. 

iVfir GiY ((Her— Washington and Huron Sts. 

AV/l-iroof/- 348 Washington St 

The Maiihattan-620 Main St 

Cliarlotte-'liy Delaware .Ave 

.SVsftrsr)/y(. /osepft— 22.33 Main St 

Rate $1.00 per day. 

Tlic Lillian— 2^1 W. ITtica, near Elmwood \ 

P»'asi(/e— 866, 868 ProsiTect Ave 

Pa«/ roor/ife.s- 93.5-945 W. Ferrv St. . . 
The Bank-2S, 30 E. Genesee St 



Homes Near tlie Exposition. 

Rate, $1.00 per day. 

W. E. Bonghton, 623 Aiibin-n Ave. 
R. G. Payne, 216 Lancaster Ave. . . 
The Auburn, 660 Auhiu-a Ave . . 
C. H. Robinson, 744 Auburn Ave. 
S. W. BoUes, 201 Voorhees .We. . . 



Rates of Fare in Public Veinicles. 



50 cents ; each additional 
00 ; for each 



One passenger, not exceeding one mil 
passenger, 25 cents. 

One passenger, one mile and not exceeding two miles 
additional passenger, one-half the regular rate. 

For conveying one passenger over two miles, 50 cents for each ad 
ditional mile, and for each additional passenger, one-half the regular rate. 

Use of any licensed vehicle by the day, for one or more passengers. 
gS.oo. 

Use of any such vehicle by the hour, for one or more passengers, will: 



the privilege of going from place to place and of stopping as often as may 
be required, $1.50 for the first hour and ^l.oo for each additional hour. 

Distances must be measured by the most direct traveled route, and, in 
all cases, unless otherwise specified at the time of hiring the vehicle, the 
arrangement shall be deemed to be by the mile. 

Each passenger shall be allowed to have carried one trunk or other 
piece of baggage free. .Additional pieces 5 cents each if within a mile, and 
10 cents each if more than a mile. 

All public vehicles must h.ive licenses. 




" NIAGARA " 
BY 
SEARCHLIGHT. 
The only success- 
ful picture of the 
great cataract 
which has ever 
been taken under 
these conditions. 
It is one of a series 
of remarkable ex- 
amples of night 
photography, ex- 
ecuted by' Orrin 
E. Dunlap, %vho 
for years has made 
a specialty of pic- 
tures of Niagara 
Falls scenes and 
incidents. 



The Great Falls of Niagara and How^ to See Them. 

If our time is limited, and we desire to see as much as may be in a few hours and at small expense, we mil get aboard an 
electric car at Prospect Park, and buy tickets for the full belt-line trip. This will take us across the new arch bridge nearest the 
Falls, thence skirting the Canadian shore to the Horseshoe Falls. It is well to remain here a little time. One of the grandest 
views of the Falls is obtained from the bridge or from the Canadian side, for we are then in front of them and the eye may sweep 
the entire face of both cataracts. At the Horseshoe Falls we may come close to the water and feel the vibration of the mighty 
thunder of the torrents as it has roared for ages. The sensation is deeply impressive to any sentient being. 

An Up-River Trip. 

Again taking the car, we will diverge from the belt-line trip, going up-stream far enough to see the Dufferin Islands (named 
in honor of Lord Dufferin) and the great upper rapids, then returning and proceeding down-stream toward Suspension Bridge. 
We might, if desired, go still farther up, to the end of the route at Chippewa, a little settlement where the Chippewa Creek cuts into the 



Niagara Whirlpool and the Gorge 



river and connects it with the Welland Canal 
navigable for craft of considerable size. 



few miles to the westward. It is 



Rainbows for Everybody. 

At the right time of day — and I know not but many times a day — above the 
Horseshoe Falls you may see rainbows galore. At three in the afternoon I ha\ e 
seen two complete rainbows — a very pretty sight, indeed — above the bellowing 
cataract. In fact, rainbows a-plenty are visible in Niagara spray from some point 
whenever the sun shines. The route of the railroad is through Queen Victoria Park, 
which the very enterprising government of Ontario has laid out most beautifully 
and dedicated to the public use for all time. The government has acquired several 
miles of land along the river, in order that visitors may have the utmost freedom in 
their enjoyment of the wonderful works of nature in this locality. No public act could be more popularly 




received. 



We are on 



Along the Top of the Cliff. 

the way to Queenston, now, seven miles away. The route takes us along the edge of the high cliff, so that we 
have an almost continuous view of the swirling river with its singular and ever- 
changing markings of white foam. Now the water is a deep green, now a turquoise 
blue — never the same shade long, for with every hour and variation of light a 
different effect upon the eye may be noted. We pass the huge cantilever bridge of 
the Michigan Central Railway, and the great new steel arch bridge of the Grand 
Trunk Railway which has recently displaced the old suspension bridge. They 
represent two of the giant achievements of modern engineering exactness and skill. 
The river now becomes a turbulent stream, confined between narrow banks, and 
dashes onward with tremendous force, continuing thus for nearly a mile. This part 
of the river is known as the Whirlpool Rapids. Sunken rocks send the water flying 
high in the air, and the stream always has the aspect of a raging flood. 





Wild Waters of Whirlpool Rapids 



Viewing the Whirlpool from Aloft. 

At a distance of three miles from the Falls we come to the Whirl- 
pool, a great body of slowly-moving water, boiling like a vast cauldron, 
and grinding in its depths huge logs that have come down stream. The 
point of view from the car, perched high upon the cliff, is such as 
to enable the observer to Avatch the action of the water throughout the 
great pool. It is here that the closing scene of many a Niagara tragedy 
is enacted — the finding of the body of the victim of the waters. The 
Whirlpool possesses a singular fascination, and is visited by many people, 
who linger on its shores with a morbid interest, watching its surface for 
hours. The electric road almost encircles the pool, following the high 
bank at a safe distance, and then strikes away toward Queenston, still 
keeping within view of the river. 



Landscapes of Enchanting Beauty. 

There is no lovelier landscape than that which nature has spread out before the observer who stands upon Queenston 
Heights, at the base of the Brock Monument. The Canadians are good farmers, and their fields and orchards are under perfect 
tillage. ,,0n the American side the i)rolific orchards and fertile, well-kept lands of Niagara County are no less pleasing to the 
eye. The lower Niagara — broad, deep, blue, placid and majestic — winds gracefully onward before you to Lake Ontario, seven 
miles away. The Brock Monument is one of the noblest columns on the continent — a fluted Doric shaft of granite, 194 feet 
high, perpetuating the memory of General Isaac Brock, who fell in the battle of 
Queenston, October 13, 1812. The place where he fell, near the foot of the hill, is 
marked by an appropriate stone. 

Down the Grade to Queenston. 

We now descend the grade by a circuitous route, passing the mins of the first 
printing office in Upper Canada, and come to the old village of Queenston. The 



: the Mouth of Niagara Rive 





Lower Niagara River, from Qi 



railroad leads over a new suspension bridge 
to Lewiston, another old and equally quiet 
village, the head of navigation, and the 
place of arrival and departure for the lines 
of steamers running to Toronto and other 
Lake Ontario points. Lewiston is the 
terminus of the Great Gorge Route and we 
shall return to Niagara Falls by that line, 
following the windings of the river and 
never getting more than a few feet away 
from the violent waters. The trip is alive 
with interest and novelty, and has no 
parallel. The rapids are always a roaring flood and spray is ever dashing high from sunken obstructions. The scenery of the 
gorge, with dark evergreens growing wherever they can obtain root -hold, and other foliage scantily covering the dull gray of the 
opposite cliffs, is never lacking in interest. We stop at the station opposite the Whirlpool Rapids and spend half an hour 
watching the angry play of the torrent. You may have your photograph taken here, with the rapids for a background. Before 
leaving the river we pass beneath the two great bridges, noting with a glance the massive and enduring character of their 
construction, and then gradually ascend the high bank, returning to the point from which we started. The tour, if taken 
leisurely, will consume the better part of half a day — a day would not be an extravagant allotment, while it may be made in 
two or three hours. 

Prospect Park, the Incline and Maid of the Mist. 
But you have not yet seen Niagara. The State of New York owns Prospect Park, which abuts on the river and extends 
along the American Rapids above the American Falls. Goat Island, comprising 75 acres, is also owned by the State, and is 
reached from Prospect Park by a new bridge of massive stone arch construction. The view of the gorge and the American Falls 
from Prospect Park is usually the first one obtained by the visitor who goes to Niagara Falls from the American side. One may 
obtain very comprehensive views from this park, but Niagara deserves to be thoroughly "done" by any visitor who may have 
the time at his command. 




By means of the Incline Railway (ten cents for the round trip), or by the free stairway, 
we may descend from Prospect Park to the level of the river below the Falls on the Ameri- 
can side. Similar conveniences are provided on the Canadian side. At the foot of the 
incline, for 50 cents we may go aboard the Maid of the Mist, put on a rubber suit and ride 
up as close to the aprons of the two great cataracts as the force of the strong propeller can 
drive the staunch craft. In this manner only may one learn to appreciate the mighty char- 
acter of these natural wonders, representing in their volume and descent of 160 feet the 
energy of five million horse. 

To Goat Island Points. 

The trip around Goat Island may be made in any of the public vans at a cost of 15 cents, with as many stop-overs as you 
may wish. The first stop is at Luna Island, where we go down several flights of steps, cross a substantial stone arch bridge and 
view the American Falls from a point between the Bridal Veil Falls and the American. 

Retracing our steps, leisurely, of course, and walking a few rods from the head of the stairs, 
we come to the stairway leading to the Cave of the Winds. It is necessary to wear oil-skin clothing 
and to proceed with care. The use of the suit and the services of the guide cost one dollar. 
You go by the railed pathway before the Bridal Veil and then behind the American Falls, where 
time and the waters have made a cave, about 100 by 160 feet, well named on account of the 
tremendous suction caused by the great volume of falling water. This trip may be made with 
safety, though the deafening roar of the mighty torrent must ever accompany it. 

The next convenient stopping place is at the head of the stairway leading to Terrapin Rock, at 
the Horseshoe Falls. Here again we come close to the edge of the great fall which we had first 
visited on the Canadian side. The view, whether into the seething waters below, across the face of 
the fall, or up stream against the broad waters tumbling onward toward the cliff from which they 
soon must leap, is impressive and fascinating. 

Returning again to the van we continue to the Three Sisters Islands, all separated by dashing 
streams, spanned by substantial bridges. The curious shapes of the rocks worn by the waters for 





ages will interest you. The view is across the broad, swift river, or up stream 
toward the long line where the placid waters break into ripples and begin their 
swift course down stream. Passing along to the head of the island we come to 
broad lawns and shady seats, well removed from the roar of the torrents, a place 
where a book and a nook and a lover's look are the sum of happiness. I have gone 
too swiftly to give historic detail and refer you to libraries for those matters. 
The whole region is rich in history and mystery, and with a mind thus inclined 
you will find a large measure of pleasure in such treasure. 

Niagara in Harness. 

The harnessing of Niagara was accomplished some years ago by the construc- 
tion of a huge brick-lined tunnel, 6,000 feet long, by the Niagara Power Com- 
pany. The mouth of the tunnel is at the water's edge in the river below the Falls and it extends under the city of Niagara Falls 
to a point near the river over a mile above the cataracts. Here deep cuts were made through the rocks to the level of the tunnel, 
about 140 feet below. At the bottom of these shafts, which are in the form of great slots, the huge turbine wheels are arranged. 
The water is led from the upper river into a forebay, thence into steel penstocks, 1 3 feet in diameter, to the wheels at the bottom 
of the pits. The water passes from the wheels to the tunnel and thence out into the river below the Falls. There are now ten 
wheels thus installed, each carrying a dynamo at the surface of the ground 140 feet above the wheel and developing over 5,000 
horse-power each, a total of 50,000 horse. Ten more wheels are being installed in the same manner. It is this great 
power that is transmitted to Buffalo and the Pan-American Exposition. Another great power plant, constructed upon a some- 
what different plan, has been installed in substantial buildings below the cliff and near the mouth of the tunnel referred to in the 
preceding sentences. This is owned by the Niagara Hydraulic Power & Manufacturing Company, and the water is led to the 
forebay above the cliff by means of a surface canal and thence to the wheels by an enormous penstock. The great dynamos are 
attached to the wheel shaft and about 30,- 
000 horse-power is developed. The har- 
nessing of Niagara has greatly increased the 
manufacturing industries of the Falls city. 

Distant View of Niagara Falls. 





How to Arrange Your Trip to the Exposition. 

Anyone contemplating a trip to the Exposition can save much time, and see 
the Exposition to better advantage than in any other way, by enlisting the services 
of those who are familiar with all the requirements of such an undertaking. The 
" Weekly Trips " Company was organized for this very purpose. The head office 
is in the rotunda of the great office building known as the Ellicott Square, on Main Street, Buffalo, N. Y. , and its agents are to 
be found throughout the country, the local agents of every railroad and steamship line being their authorized representatives. 
The company is composed of men of the highest personal and business responsibility. By arranging with your nearest railroad 
ticket agent you place yourself in the hands of friends who will smooth your way, and enable you to get the fullest measure of rest, 
pleasure and profit out of your trip. While the plan is very simple, it requires the efficient and elaborate organization of this 
company to watch your interests. For a fi.xed sum the company gives you a book of coupons that covers your visit to Buffalo 
from the time of arrival until your departure, and every legitimate item of expense. Their plans are described in their booklet, 
which can be had by forwarding four cents for postage. 

For example : The " Weekly Trips " Company, by using their red tag, transfer your baggage from and to any depot by their 
special delivery. Their coupon book covers your hotel or private-house accommodation, trolley car fares, meals at hotels, cafes, 
and restaurants in Buffalo, Niagara Falls, N. Y. , Niagara Falls, Ontario, and Lewiston, the Exposition grounds and Midway restau- 
rants. Maid of the Mist Steamboat Company, the Reservation Tower, the Reservation drive around Goat Island, in fact everything 
worth seeing everywhere. Their agents are subject to your orders and you can trust 
them to render efficient service." Their hotel and private-house accommodations are 
the very best that can be secured. 

Their plans cover three days to six months, at a specified price, and you are 
assured of accommodations. The advantage in thus saving time, money and annoy- 
ance is at once apparent. The " Weekly Trips " Company will be pleased to have 
an inquiry from you by addressing them at their office in the Rotunda Floor of Ellicott 
Square Building, Buffalo, N. Y. This office is a permanent headquarters for informa- 
tion for all patrons of the company. Write direct if no agent is near you. 



Pan-American Exposition Official Flag, 
designed by Miss Adelaide Thorpe. 




May -54 1901 











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